Unit 1
What is the name of the theory that proposes that early hominids emerged in Africa and then migrated to other parts of the world?
Out of Africa Theory
How were Egypt and Mesopotamia different? Be specific.
Flooding of the rivers caused different outlooks (Nile=predictable=positive afterlife, Tigris/Euphrates= unpredictable= negative afterlife)
What was the largest difference between the Abrahamic religions covered in class?
They differed on their views of Jesus: Christianity saw him as a Messiah, Judaism did not acknowledge him as divine.
How were Athens and Sparta different? Include government type and culture.
Athens: Democracy, academic/philosophical culture (Navy)
Sparta: Oligarchy, warlike/warrior culture (Army)
What was the name of the various groups of people from Eastern Europe who contributed to the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Germanic Tribes
Which group of semi-nomadic people helped spread technology between agricultural communities through trade in the Neolithic Era?
Pastoralists
What was Hammurabi's Code? Give me a 1 sentence definition/explanation for what it was including the civilization it was used with.
First law code founded in Babylon by King Hammurabi: Very harsh punishments, favored the wealthy.
What was ethical monotheism?
The belief that morals (right and wrong) comes from the single monotheistic god. Found in Christianity, Judaism and Islam
Who led the Delian League and who led the Peloponnesian League?
Athens: Delian League
Sparta: Peloponnesian League
What is the Civil Service Exam? (Also Identify dynasty and philosophy)
Test to give people positions in the government (Confucianism and Han Dynasty)
Why were Paleolithic people generally healthier than their Neolithic counterparts?
They had a Broad Spectrum Diet
They had well organized infrastructure (Cities arranged in a grid and advanced plumbing)
What period did Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism emerge and why did they emerge?
The Warring States period, emerged to bring social order to China during this period of unrest
Why did the Greek City states develop such diverse (different cultures from one another)
Geographically, the Greek city states developed on Islands, or on the Greek mainland they had many mountain ranges separating them.
Identify 3 advancements of the Gupta Empire.
Vaccines, Planets and Earths Revolution, Decimals, Zero, Number System, Surgeries, C-Sections, Sanskrit Literature, Ajanta Caves, Stupas
What factors allowed humans to migrate away from the equator and to other parts of the globe? (Must name at least two)
Land Bridges, Fire, Animal skins for clothing, better tools, food surplus
Which 6 major regions did agriculture emerge?
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Mesoamerica, Norte Chico (Andean Region)
They disagreed on how to achieved enlightenment (8-fold path vs Karma) and Buddhism rejected the caste system.
What is Alexander the Great's legacy? (2 things, Must include vocabulary word)
Helped spread Greek Culture to the lands of Persia and Egypt (Hellenism) and ended the Persian Empire/Greek City States
What ended the Warring States Period in China?
Qin Shi-Huangdi and his strong legalist government.
What caused Social Stratification? You must tell me the initial thing that causes a shift from egalitarianism, and how that led to social classes
Discovery of Agriculture led to specialization of labor. Some jobs and duties were more valued than others, and so social classes emerged.
What was unique about the earliest civilizations that emerged in the Americas?
Norte Chico (Andean Region) and the Olmec (Mesoamerica) were not river valleys. They had Terrace Farming.
Why and how did Christianity and Buddhism spread rapidly? (2 things)
Both appealed to lower classes and women (no caste system in Buddhism, rejecting Roman and Jewish authorities) spread along trade routes (Roman Roads, Silk Road), and both had missionaries
Why was Persia tolerant of other religions?
Zoroastrianism believed in simply being a good person, so they did not pressure other religions to convert.
What is a Bureaucracy?
A government where decision making and positions are filled by appointed (not elected) individuals