Biology
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the chemical symbol for sodium?
Na
What species is the largest land animal in the world?
African elephant
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
heart
What macromolecule is the body's primary source of energy?
Carbohydrates
Which type of RNA carries the genetic message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
mRNA
How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?
4 valence electrons
What sea animal has a punch that is comparable to a .22-caliber bullet?
Mantis shrimp
What blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections?
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Which vitamin is commonly known as the “sunshine vitamin”?
Vitamin D
Name at least 3 essential amino acids for humans?
Any of the following:
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
What is the molar mass of H2O?
18.02 g/mol
What are the main characteristics that distinguish monkeys from apes? (name at least 2 differences)
Monkeys generally have tails; apes do not
Apes have larger brains relative to body size
Apes have broader chests
Apes have more flexible shoulder joints
Apes have longer arms relative to their legs
Apes can use their arms for swinging/climbing more efficiently
Apes generally have more complex social and cognitive abilities
Apes have a more upright body posture
What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
Hypertension
Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that can be used by the cell?
ATPase
Are viruses non-living or living? Why?
Viruses are generally considered non-living because they cannot reproduce or carry out metabolism on their own and must use a host cell.
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds?
-2
Which species, cats or dogs, has a higher dietary protein requirement, and why?
Cats, because they are obligate carnivores and require more protein and specific amino acids in their diet.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating balance, coordination, and fine motor movements?
Cerebellum
What type of bond links amino acids together to form a protein?
Peptide bond
An organism has a diploid number of 48 chromosomes. If a cell is observed during the metaphase of mitosis, how many chromatids are present in 1 cell?
96 chromatids.
What principle states that a system at equilibrium will shift to oppose a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature?
Le Chatelier’s principle
What is the normal body temperature range of a healthy adult horse, approximately?
99-101.5°F (37.2-38.6°C)
A 19-year-old patient presents with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid breathing, and confusion. Blood tests show a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL, low blood pH, and elevated ketone levels. What life-threatening complication is the patient most likely experiencing?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What process converts glucose into pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells?
Glycolysis