Prehospital Basics
This acronym is used to assess mental status in the field
What is AVPU
This is the most common type of stroke.
What is ischemic stroke
The RACE score is used to assess for this type of stroke
What is large vessel occlusion
For every minute of untreated stroke, the brain loses approximately this many neurons
What is 1.9 million
This time should be established as soon as you realize you may have a patient suffering from a stroke or TIA
What is the patient's last known normal?
The “golden hour” refers to this period post-trauma
What is 60 minutes
Facial droop, arm drift, and slurred speech are components of this basic stroke scale.
What is the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
This is the maximum RACE score a patient can receive.
What is 9
EMS should transport the suspected stroke patient in this time frame.
What is no later than 10 minutes
A stroke mimic that presents with unilateral weakness but resolves quickly
What is a TIA
You must reassess vitals every ___ minutes for a stable patient.
What is 15 minutes
A sudden severe headache with no known cause may indicate this.
What is a hemorrhagic stroke
This part of the RACE score assesses the patient’s ability to speak clearly.
What is aphasia or agnosia
The optimal window for IV tPA is within ___ hours of symptom onset
What is 4.5 hours
A patient with right gaze deviation and left-sided hemiplegia likely has a stroke in this hemisphere.
What is the right hemisphere
This term refers to a patient showing no response to painful stimuli
What is unresponsive or comatose
The acronym BE-FAST adds this additional symptom to FAST.
What is Balance and Eyes
A RACE score of ___ or higher suggests possible large vessel occlusion.
What is 5
This needs to be checked to rule out a stroke patient suffering from another medical emergency that can cause someone to have an altered mental status.
What is the blood glucose?
Name one exclusion for administering tPA
What is recent surgery, active bleeding, etc.
A SAMPLE history includes these six components
What is Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up
This stroke subtype is most often linked to atrial fibrillation.
What is cardioembolic stroke
Name three motor tasks evaluated in the RACE score.
What are facial palsy, arm motor function, leg motor function
This is when a patient does not know who's arm is being grasped, when the provider is showing the patient their own paretic arm.
What is Asomatognosia?
In a patient with aphasia, you ask them to do this to assess comprehension.
What is follow a simple command like “close your eyes” OR "Make a fist"?