Bill of Rights
The First Amendment in the Bill of Rights gives citizens these 5 freedoms
What is the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition?
In civil court, this person is the first to file. In criminal, they are usually the victim.
What is Plaintiff?
This is the authority of a court to hear a case, often based on the location of the parties involved.
What is jurisdiction?
This article of the Constitution established the judiciary
What is Article III
This court handles high-volume, lower-level matters including traffic violations, civil disputes with smaller damage claims, landlord-tenant disputes, and misdemeanors
What is District Court
This right protects an individual from being prosecuted twice for the same crime
What is Double Jeopardy (5th Amendment)?
What is the trial without a jury in which a judge decides the facts?
What is a bench trial?
What is a legally binding court order that requires a person to appear, testify, or provide evidence at court. (if you receive this and don't comply, it can lead to charges of contempt.
What is subpoena?
This landmark decision established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v Madison?
This trial court handles serious criminal cases, civil cases involving amounts over $25,000, and family matters
What is Circuit Court?
This Amendment ensures that people are secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effect, against unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the Fourth Amendment?
The Prosector in a criminal case has this legal burden of proof (highest standard of proof in criminal law)
What is beyond a reasonable doubt?
This form will list all names and case numbers scheduled for a courtroom - this will change day to day
What is a docket?
This case established the requirement for law enforcement to inform individuals of their rights during an arrest.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
Often, this federal court will generally consider cases in three-judge panels.
What is the Federal Appeals Court?
This amendment states that there are additional rights that are not explicitly stated in the Bill of Rights/Constitution (non-enumerated rights) that are still granted to citizens
What is the Ninth Amendment?
Latin term meaning "friend of the court"
What is amicus curiae?
This is the process of exchanging information and evidence between parties before trial.
What is Discovery?
This individual was the first Chief Justice appointed by President George Washington.
Who is John Jay?
These three courts in Michigan sit below the Circuit Court
What is District Court, Probate Court, and Municipal Court?
This Amendment ensures citizens will not be denied the right to vote by the US or any State by reason of failure to pay a poll tax or other tax
What is the 24th Amendment?
This is a request by a litigant (defense or prosecutor) to a judge seeking a specific ruling, order, or decision on a legal issue during a case.
What is a motion?
This is a request challenging the decision of a court by a party that has lost one or more issues and seeks a higher court review of the decision.
What is an appeal?
This individual was the only U.S. president to also serve as a Supreme Court Justice
These type of courts are designed to handle specific types of cases or populations.
Examples: Drug Court, Mental Health Court, Juvenile Court
What are specialized courts?