Who Said It?
This non-violence will be expressed through civil disobedience.
Gandhi
his British trading organization eventually came to control large parts of India.
British East India Company (BEIC)?
The British built these to transport troops and goods across India, but they also helped Indian nationalists travel and organize.
This Indian nationalist leader encouraged Indians to resist British rule through nonviolence.
Gandhi
Despite disagreements about India's future, Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah shared this overarching political goal.
Independence from the British
The Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the right to collect taxes in Bengal in 1765 helped transform the East India Company from a trading business into this.
political ruler
A student claims, "British rule in India began in 1858." What important historical detail does this statement overlook?
The British East India Company controlled significant parts of India before 1858.
“We desire no extension of our present territorial possessions.”
The British East India Company's victory in this 1757 battle helped establish its political control over Bengal.
Battle of Plassey
A British tax on an everyday necessity unexpectedly became the focus of this massive nonviolent protest led by Gandhi in 1930
The Salt March
By refusing to purchase British-made textiles, Indian nationalists used this form of economic protest.
boycott
Founded in 1906, this political organization sought to protect the interests of Muslims in British India.
Muslim League
Dadabhai Naoroji criticized Britain's drain of Indian wealth, while Gandhi encouraged Indians to boycott British-made textiles. Both challenged this aspect of British colonial rule.
economic exploitation?
A student argues, "The Salt March ended British rule in India." What's wrong with this explanation?
The Salt March increased resistance to British rule but did not immediately achieve independence.
“The political drain, up to this time, from India to England...”
Naoroji
In 1765, the British East India Company gained the right to collect this important source of revenue in Bengal.
Taxes
Founded in 1885 to push for political reforms under British rule, this organization eventually became a major force demanding independence.
The Indian National Congress
Rather than simply protesting an unjust law, Gandhi encouraged Indians to deliberately break it without using violence. This strategy is known as...
civil disobedience
Introduced for Muslims in 1909, this electoral system allowed Muslim voters to elect their own representatives using separate voting rolls.
Separate Electorates
The 1857 Rebellion challenged British authority, while Queen Victoria's 1858 Proclamation promised to respect Indian religious practices. Both events were connected to this British concern.
maintaining control and preventing another rebellion
A student claims, "British rule benefited Indians because the British built railroads." What important consideration is missing?
Who benefited from the railroads, and whether their advantages outweighed the economic harms of colonial rule.
““The Mussalmans are not a minority. The Mussalmans are a nation by any definition.”..”
Jinnah
This 1857 uprising against British rule began among Indian soldiers employed by the East India Company and spread to other groups.
The Sepoy Uprising
Although it claimed to represent Indian Muslims, this political organization performed poorly in the 1937 provincial elections, prompting it to work to expand its political support.
The Muslim League
Dadabhai Naoroji argued that British rule impoverished India by transferring its wealth to Britain. His argument became known as this theory.
the Drain Theory
Following the 1937 provincial elections, Congress and the Muslim League failed to form this type of government in the United Provinces, in which two or more political parties share power.
Coalition Government
Separate electorates in 1909 and disagreements between Congress and the Muslim League in the 1930s both raised this important question about India's political future.
who should represent India's Muslims
A student argues, “The Government of India Act of 1935 expanded Indian self-government, so it helped unite Indian political leaders.” What important historical development challenges this argument?
The 1937 provincial elections, held under the Act, intensified tensions between Congress and the Muslim League. Congress's electoral victories raised concerns within the League about Muslim political representation and power-sharing
The service of India means the service of the millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty
Nehru
Although the 1857 Rebellion failed to end British domination of India, it brought about this major change in how India was governed.
What is the transfer of power from the British East India Company to the British Crown (the beginning of the British Raj)?
In 1905, the British divided Bengal, claiming it would make the province easier to govern. Instead, the decision sparked widespread protests and helped strengthen this movement, which encouraged Indians to boycott British goods.
The Swadeshi movement
Beginning in 1920, Gandhi urged Indians to withdraw from British-run schools, courts, and other colonial institutions as part of this nationwide movement.
Non-Cooperation Movement?
While separate electorates offered Muslims political representation within British India, the Muslim League's 1940 Lahore Resolution went further by proposing this arrangement in Muslim-majority regions.
Nehru emphasized a shared Indian national identity, while Jinnah argued that Muslims constituted a separate nation. Their competing views revealed a fundamental disagreement about this.
the nature of Indian nationhood and whether independence should produce one united state or separate states
A student claims, "Hindus and Muslims had different religions, so they could never agree about India's future." Identify the major flaw in this argument.
It assumes religious differences inevitably produced political conflict and treats both religious communities as if everyone within them shared the same political beliefs.