Foundations of Chemistry
Any substance that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
A quantitative observation is called a
measurment
Chemical Equation
The basic unit of structure and function of all living things
cell
Long DNA molecule that stores genetic material of an organism
chromosome
The biological variety and variability of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem variety is called:
biodiversity
The capacity for doing work.
Energy
Digits of a number that are meaningful in terms of accuracy or precision.
Significant figures
Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molecule
A slectively permeable bilayer of phosopholipids that surrounds all cells
cell membrane
mRNA is a messanger molecule that carries the instructions from DNA to ribosomes to make a
protein
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring - main process that brings about evolution.
natural selection
Observed and measurable properties that do not change the composition of matter.
Physical properties
The measure of mass per unit of volume
Density
Atom or compound with net positive or negative charge
Ion
Process that most organisms use to transfer energy from foodstuff molecules to ATP (in the process releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products).
Cellular respiration
Process responsible for growth, repair, and replacing of damaged or dead cells (for example, after a cut)
Mitosis
Feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystems can be modeled using
Food chains (or food webs)
A material's property which becomes evident after a chemical reaction.
Chemical property
The closeness of a measurement to a specific value.
Accuracy
A type of chemical bonding that involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged substances.
Ionic bonding
The source of carbon for plant phosynthesis is the
CO2 gas (atmosphere)
Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration; does not require energy.
Changes to the sequence of DNA
mutation
A pure substance consisting of only atoms that have the same number of protons.
Element
The closeness of measurements to each other
Precision
Unit of measurement for the amount of substance, defined as exactly 6.022x10^23.
Mole
Proteins that act as biological catalysts, without which life as we know it would be impossible.
Enzymes
Cells formed a few days after fertilization with the potential to turn into any other cell
Embryonic stem cells
The average weather conditions at a place over a period of many years
climate
A solution composed of different states of matter.
Heterogeneous solution.
Way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to conveniently written in decimal form.
Scientific notation
The mass of a sample of a compound divided by the amount of substance in that sample.
molar mass
Any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival
homeostasis
Unregulated cell growth and division
Acronym used to recall the major threats to biodiversity
CHIPPO
A 2-D model that depicts an atom as a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by-elections that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus.
Bohr model
Analysis of the relationships between different quantities and units of measure and tracking these as calculations are performed.
Dimensional analysis
The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound.
Stoichiometry
What are the four major classes of biomolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
During the process of meiosis chromsomes can sometimes swap sections, thereby creating new genetic combinations. This is called
crossing-over
Identical twins are not perfectly identical because of differences in their
epigenomes