Natural Selection
Define natural selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
The variable p represents
the frequency of the dominant allele
This evidence for evolution shows change over time by looking at rock layers and organisms in each layer.
Fossils
When two species share a common ancestor, it is _________ evolution
divergent
Draw the graph for stabilizing selection
Look at graph
What is artificial selection?
When humans favor certain traits and have organisms with those traits reproduce
The difference between q and q2 is...
q is the frequency of the recessive allele, a
q2 is the frequency of the recessive genotype, aa
This evidence for evolution shows that all vertebrates share a common ancestor due to similar patterns in formation
Embryology
Homologous structures are the result of this type of evolution.
Divergent
Small mice can hide from predators. Draw and label the type of selection.
Directional + picture
Describe biological fitness
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce, having viable, fertile offspring
If q is .32, what is p?
.68
The evidence shows DNA comparisons of certain proteins in different organisms
Analogous structures are a result of
convergent evolution
Light green frogs blend into the tops of the trees, dark green frogs blend into the forest floor. What type of selection and sketch the graph.
Disruptive
Describe each of the four factors of natural selection.
Over production- having more babies than the population can support
Genetic variation- organisms have a variety of traits due to mutations
Competition- individuals in a population compete for limited resources
Survival of the fittest- Organisms with most fit traits survive and have the most offspring
If p= .4, what are the frequencies of the 3 genotypes?
p2= .16
2pq=.48
q2= .36
This evidence shows the structure similarities/ differences across species
Comparative anatomy
When a species forms new species in a linear manner, slowly over time it is ______________.
gradualism
Short tails mess up a cats balance, and long tails make it easy for predators to catch them. List the type of selection and sketch a graph.
Stabilizing + sketch
Draw a cladogram for the following species: human, monkey, tiger, turtle, shark
Varies
If 50/150 individuals have the recessive genotype, how many individuals are heterozygous?
73 individuals
This type of evidence is considered the strongest.
When a species has a long period of stasis then a boom with many new species forming it is __________.
Create a unique scenario showing disruptive selection.
Varies