Motor Precursors
Four motor systems that are essential for oral communication
What is Respiration, Phonation, Resonance, and Articulation
Sense that is essential for perceiving, understanding, and producing speech sounds
What is hearing
This is essential for learning and can be linguistic or non-linguistic information
What is attention
Successful communication relies on these three things
What are means, motive, and opportunity
Cerebral palsy, Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy are examples of these types of disorders
What are respiratory disorders
Infants can identify words from their own language at this age
What is 6 months
This refers to how well a person remembers phonological details
What is phonological memory
These functions all need to work properly in order to communicate effectively
What are anatomic and motoric, sensory, and cognitive linguistic
Characterized by short hard palates, small oral cavities, atypical facial musculature, hearing loss, linguistic-cognitive deficits, and motor speech deficits
What is Down Syndrome
At this age an infant can recognize her own name
What is 4 months
This type of learning occurs without explicitly paying attention
What is implicit learning
What is a motive to communicate
Characterized by paralysis of the ocular, trigeminal, vagus, or glossopharyngeal nerves and hypoplasia of the tongue
What is Moebius Syndrome
Children with these two disorders may be affected by either hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to touch in, around, and/or outside the mouth
What are Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood Apraxia of Speech
This refers to how much information a person can retain at on time
What is working memory capacity
A child can show this by rejecting, avoiding, requesting, and showing greeting
What is communicative intent
Characterized by imprecise articulatory movement and slower speech rate
What is dysarthria
These provide proprioceptive feedback during speech production
What are muscle spindles
This is supported by both attention and memory skills and requires abilities such as making associations, generalizing concrete and abstract patterns, and the ability to copy others' movements
What is learning
In order to have the opportunity to speak a child needs this
What is someone to communicate with