Relative and Absolute Dating
The Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that an igneous intrusion is always this compared to the rock layers it cuts through.
What is younger?
The rigid outer layer of the Earth that comprises the tectonic plates is known as this mechanical layer.
What is the lithosphere?
Plates pull apart from each other at this type of boundary.
What is a divergent boundary?
The San Andreas Fault is a famous real-world example of this type of plate boundary.
What is a transform boundary?
As magma fills a volcanic chamber before an eruption, the ground experiences this phase of deformation.
What is Inflation?
To be considered a good index fossil, a species must be geographically widespread and exist for this length of time.
What is a short geological period?
Tectonic plates float and move on top of this plastic, semi-solid layer of the upper mantle.
What is the asthenosphere?
Plates slide sideways past each other at this type of boundary.
What is a transform boundary?
The collision of the Indian and Eurasian continental plates created this famous mountain range.
What are the Himalayas?
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains are non-randomly distributed along these specific planetary lines.
What are plate boundaries?
If an isotope has a half-life of 10 million years and a rock sample contains 25% of the original parent isotope, the rock is this old.
What is 20 million years?
Between continental and oceanic crust, this type is thinner and denser.
What is oceanic crust?
Unlike convergent and divergent boundaries, transform boundaries do not create or destroy crust or produce volcanoes; instead, they primarily release energy through these specific events.
What are shallow earthquakes?
This deep oceanic landform is a famous example created by an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary.
What is the Mariana Trench?
When a volcano erupts and magma leaves the chamber, the ground undergoes this process, which causes the slope to flatten or collapse.
What is deflation?
According to this law when analyzing strata the youngest layer is at the top and the oldest at the bottom.
What is the Law of Superposition?
Because of its higher density ($\approx 3.0\text{ g/cm}^3$), oceanic crust undergoes this process when colliding with continental crust.
What is subduction?
At a convergent boundary between two continental plates, this primary geologic structure forms because neither plate subducts.
What are mountain ranges (or mountains)?
This island country is a famous real-world example of continental rifting along a divergent boundary.
What is Iceland?
Scientists use this instrument to measure micro-radian changes in ground slope near volcanoes.
What is a tiltmeter?
This geologic principal tells us that strata are distributed as flat lines.
What is the principal of original horizontality?
Continental crust ranges in thickness from 35-40 km with a density of 2.7-2.83g/cm^3, whereas oceanic crust has this specific thickness range.
What is 5-10 km?
Ocean trenches and volcanic arcs form at convergent boundaries involving subduction, which requires at least one plate to be this type of crust.
What is oceanic crust?
This South American mountain range was created by an oceanic-continental convergent subduction zone.
What are the Andes Mountains?
This is the Abbreviation for micro-radians
What is μRad?