Signs & Symptoms
This is the most common symptom of spontaneous abortion
What is vaginal bleeding?
Up to half of all spontaneous abortions are due to this etiology
What are chromosomal abnormalities including trisomies, monosomies, and polyploidy?
This imaging modality is used to confirm the absence of fetal cardiac activity.
What is transvaginal ultrasound?
This method of stillbirth management is indicated if there is no maternal health risk.
What is delivery according to patient preference?
This condition results from the release of thromboplastin into the systemic circulation due to the retained products of conception.
What is DIC?
This common sign of stillbirth can usually be detected by a mother
What is decreased fetal movement?
More than half of all stillbirths were of this etiology
What is an unknown etiology?
These two exams are used for the clinical evaluation of spontaneous abortion.
What are bimanual pelvic and speculum exams?
This prostaglandin E1 analog is used to induce cervical ripening and expulsion of the products of conception.
What is misoprostol?
Inflammation of this internal genitalia layer is one of the complications of miscarriage.
What is endometrium?
This symptom may suddenly decrease or disappear, indicating a potential miscarriage.
What are pregnancy symptoms such as breast tenderness, nausea, and fatigue?
This hypercoagulability disorder is associated with recurrent miscarriages.
What is antiphospholipid syndrome?
The downtrend of this single laboratory study is used to suggest a failed pregnancy.
What is serial serum β-hCG?
This progesterone antagonist is usually used in combination with another abortifacient and given as a pre-pretreatment 24 hours prior.
What is mifepristone?
These are the clinical signs of septic abortion.
What are... these?
During a physical examination, healthcare providers may observe this change in the cervix, indicative of an inevitable abortion.
What is cervical dilation or opening?
This disorder of fetomaternal circulation results in inadequate blood flow to the placenta and impairment in substance exchange between the mother and fetus.
What is placental insufficiency?
The condition may be either acute (e.g., due to placental abruption) or chronic (e.g., due to maternal drug use, or post-term pregnancy).
Ultrasound results consistent with a spontaneous abortion may include these findings.
What are... these?
These (4 or more) supportive measures can be offered to parents after stillbirth.
What are... these?
Social Worker: Provide practical assistance and resources for funeral arrangements and financial support.
This is the assessment of the future pregnancy risks post-stillbirth.
Women with a prior stillbirth have a two-fold higher risk of recurrence compared to women with a live birth in their first pregnancy.
Spontaneous labor usually begins within this many weeks of stillbirth.
What are 2 weeks?
A complication of pregnancy and form of preeclampsia that most commonly occurs > 27 weeks gestation has the following clinical features.
What are hemolysis (H), elevated liver (EL) enzymes, and low platelet (LP) count?
Other features include abdominal pain and rapid clinical deterioration (due to severe systemic inflammation causes multiorgan failure).
These evaluations of the underlying stillbirth cause are indicated in all cases.
What are... these?
Prevention of pregnancy loss includes proper prenatal care which includes these several aspects of care.
What are... these?
Initial Prenatal Visit: First appointment to discuss medical history and develop a prenatal care plan.
Regular Check-ups: Ongoing appointments to monitor health and fetal development.
Physical Examinations: Routine assessments of blood pressure, weight, and abdominal size.
Ultrasound Scans: Imaging tests to monitor fetal growth and detect abnormalities.
Screening Tests: Assessments for medical conditions and birth defects risk.
Nutritional Guidance: Advice on healthy eating and prenatal vitamins.
Education and Counseling: Information on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborn care.
Monitoring and Management of Complications: Supervision and treatment for pregnancy-related issues.
Preparation for Birth: Discussions about labor preferences and birth planning.
Emotional Support: Providing encouragement and addressing concerns.
Postpartum Planning: Preparing for care after childbirth, including breastfeeding support and contraception.
DIC is characterized by these hematologic trifecta and clinical symptoms.
What are microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and widespread microvascular thrombosis; bleeding, hemorrhaging, and organ failure?