Ordovician-Silurian
Where did almost all complex life live?
The deep ocean
name one of the key casualties in this extinction
Shallow warm-water corals, stromatoporoids, Brachiopods, Trilobites, & Dunkleosteus
What era did it end in
It ended the Paleozoic era (clearing the way for the rise of archosaurs and the ancestors of dinosaurs)
Name one of five species that dominated ecosystems after the extinction.
dinosaurs, pterosaurs, turtles, mammals, or crocodylomorphs.
What caused the extinctions?
A massive asteroid or comet roughly 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles) wide struck the Earth.
Why was there a massive drop in carbon dioxide?
The evolution of plant life
What was the percentage of extinctions.
Approximately 70% to 85% of all marine species went extinct.
What percentage of all marine species died?
80% - 96%
Name one of the reasons the extinction happens.
Volcanic gasses, Global Warming, Oceans suffered from severe low oxygen.
what era ended do to this extinction?
this extinction marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic Era.
What percentage of all species went extinct?
approximately 85% of all marine species (including about one-third of all brachiopod and bryozoan families, plus major losses to trilobites, conodonts, corals, and graptolites)
Who survived the late devonian extinction?
early bony fish (actinopterygians), and sharks (chondrichthyans) survived and later diversified.
What percentage of all land life died?
70%
How long ago was this extinction?
It occurred approximately 201.4 million years ago
What animals died?
All non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, ammonites, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and many groups of marine plankton and tropical reef-dwellers died out.
Name one of the most known species during the ordovician-silurian extinction.
Brachiopods (Lamp Shells), Graptolites, or Trilobites
What happened at the end of the Devonian Period?
a acute evolutionary bottleneck for jawed vertebrates and marine life.
Name one reason for the extinction.
Massive flood basalt volcanism in present-day Siberia released vast amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and methane over hundreds of thousands of years, Greenhouse gases drove global temperatures up by 8°C to 15°C, Severe warming caused widespread marine anoxia (oxygen depletion).
What percentage of life died?
76% to 80% of all marine and terrestrial species went extinct.
What survived?
Small mammals, birds (avian dinosaurs), crocodilians, turtles, snakes, lizards, amphibians, and certain plant groups (such as ferns and seed-bearing organisms) managed to survive.
Name one of the two reasons the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction happened.
rapid global cooling and a massive sea-level drop when ice sheets formed over the supercontinent Gondwana.
glaciers melting rapidly, causing a rise in sea levels and spreading toxic gas.
Why did the extinction happen?
The spread of the first large forest trees and vascular land plants pulled massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the atmosphere, dropping global temperatures and driving ice sheet formation in Gondwana.
how long did the recovery of this extinction take?
4 million to 30 million years.
What happened to land life?
Most large pseudosuchians (crocodile-line archosaurs), phytosaurs, and various early tetrapods and conodonts were wiped out.
What happened in the aftermath?
With non-avian dinosaurs out of the picture, surviving mammals and birds underwent a massive adaptive radiation, rapidly diversifying to fill empty ecological niches and eventually leading to the age of mammals and the evolution of primates.