Hunter-Gatherer Societies
What is a hunter-gatherer?
Someone who hunts and gathers for food/resources.
What lead to the start of the Agricultural Revolution?
Farming.
What is a civilization?
A highly organized and complex society.
What writing system did the Sumerians come up with?
Cuneiform.
What is an empire?
A single ruler governs a number of different lands or people.
What were tools crafted out of?
Wood, bones, antlers, and tone.
What is domestication?
What is a hierarchy?
Ranking of groups of people according to their importance, status, or power.
What kind of rule did pharaohs have?
An absolute monarch - ruler has unlimited power.
Who was the Peloponnesian War between?
Athens and Spartans.
Why were hunter-gatherers moblie?
To follow the food source/resources.
How did agriculture arise? (4 reasons)
New technology, climate, population pressure, and increased knowledge.
Why did civilizations arise? (5 reasons)
Access to water, government, defense, specialized jobs, and trade.
What is the difference between the citadel and residential city?
The citadel was used for political business by members of the ruling class and used for religious rituals. While the residential city is where people lived in brick houses arranged in streets.
What was Rome's republic system main parts? (3) Explain what each did.
Assemblies - male citizens would vote for laws and magistrates.
Magistrates - carries out laws.
Senate - wrote the laws and handled foreign affairs.
What were "central places" for?
They slept, made their tools, cooked their meals, and took part in social activities.
How did agriculture spread?
Through cultural diffusion and through migration of farming people.
How did rulers manage the economy to support state activities?
Taxing farmers, merchants, and artisans or by forcing people to labor for the state.
Why were oracle bones special? What civilization used these?
The Chinese used them to predict the future by Shang diviners.
What were two goals of the Han Dynasty?
1 - Keep China stable.
2 - Expand territory.
What kind of ruling/government did they have?
They had no government, they had leaders who were usually elders with experiences and likable personalities.
What social impact did the rise of agriculture have?
Led to increase population density.
What are characteristics of ancient civilizations? (3 characteristics)
Writing, geography, and large cities.
Explain the difference between the Yellow River and Yangtze River civilizations.
Yellow River - planted drought-resistant millet and conserved soil moistures.
Yangtze River - grew rice and used water from the river for their crops.
Explain the similarities and differences between the Mauryan Empire and the Gupta Empire.
Similarities - both tolerated religious differences.
Differences - Mauryan Empire conquered through moral teachings of dharma and Gupta Empire conquered through military force.