pH and Buffers
The pH range of normal urine.
4.5 – 8.0 (typically ~6)
The buffer system that is the main regulator of blood plasma pH.
Bicarbonate buffer system
The primary carbohydrate given intravenously because it can be easily metabolized for energy.
Glucose (Dextrose)
The hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose.
Insulin
The value obtained when weight in kilograms is divided by height in meters squared.
BMI
The enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach.
Pepsin
Enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine.
Lactase
The color produced in a positive Seliwanoff’s test.
Cherry-red color
The IV fluid indicated for emergency treatment of hypoglycemia.
D5050
The carbohydrate index that measures how quickly a food raises blood glucose.
Glycemic index
The pH of normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl).
4.5 – 7.0
Enzyme that breaks down starch into simpler sugars in the mouth.
Salivary Amylase
The osmotic diuretic sugar alcohol used to reduce intracranial pressure.
Mannitol
The type of nutritional support that supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals directly into the bloodstream.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
The sugar that, when administered IV in high doses, causes an increase in serum uric acid.
Fructose
Citrus fruits, especially grapefruit, interfere with the metabolism of which class of drugs?
Antihypertensive drugs
The buffer that exhibited buffer action in your experiment.
Phosphate Buffer
The reducing sugars that give positive results in Benedict’s and Fehling’s tests.
Lactose and Maltose
The IV fluid containing dextrose and lactated Ringer’s solution.
D5LRS
The antioxidant that enhances leukocyte function and iron absorption, thereby boosting immunity.
Ascorbic Acid
A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
The condition characterized by open sores in the stomach lining, often caused by H. pylori infection or long-term NSAID use.
Stomach ulcers
The IV carbohydrate solution that requires close blood glucose monitoring to prevent refeeding syndrome.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
The specific adverse effect of rapid dextrose infusion in very low birth weight infants.
intracerebral hemorrhage
The mixture formed when sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose.
Invertose (Invert sugar)