Stages of Development
What is the Germinal Stage and what happens during this period?
0-2 weeks after conception
Zygote forms and begins cell division
What is the role of the neural tube?
forms the basis for the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord
What is a Teratogen?
any agent that disrupts fetal development, potentially leading to birth defects or other complications
What defines a miscarriage?
Spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation
What lifestyle choices promote healthy fetal brain development?
balanced diet, regular exercise, manage stress
What occurs during the embryonic period?
(3-8 weeks)
involves the formation of basic organs and structures (neural tube and brain development)
When do neuron begin to form?
around day 42 after conception
How can alcohol affect fetal development?
lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and resulting in physical, behavioral and cognitive impairments
What are the common signs of a miscarriage?
abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, severe cramps and passing of tissue
Why is nutrition important during pregnancy?
supports fetal growth and development, ensuring adequate supply of vitamins or minerals essential for healthy development
What is the Fetal period?
(weeks 9-birth)
maturation of the body systems and brain development, with the fetus growing in size and complexity
What functions does the brain stem control?
Heat rate, breathing and blood pressure
What factors influence the impact of teratogens?
The type, amount of exposure, duration of exposure, timing of exposure and genetics
when a woman experiences two or more consecutive miscarriages
How can stress affect prenatal development?
negatively impact fetal development potentially leading to low birth wight and developmental issues
Describe the process of implantation?
The blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, embedding itself in the lining- establishing a connection with mother's blood supply for nourishment
What is the significance of synapses?
connections between neurons that allow communication and essential for brain function and development
alcohol, tobacco, medications, viruses and toxic chemicals
How is infertility defined?
inability to conceive after one year of trying or six months for women over the age of 35
What are the effects of smoking during pregnancy?
low birthweight, preterm birth and increased risk of developmental problems
What are the layers of the blastocyst?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
(students should study what these are)
Describe changes in the brain during the third trimester?
brain triples in weight, neurons continue to develop and form connections, surface becomes more grooved resembles and adult brain
How does genetics play a role in teratogen impact?
Genetics can protect or make a fetus more vulnerable
What factors contribute to infertility?
age, health, hormonal issues, lifestyle or environmental factors
How does prenatal care impact fetal development?
helps monitor the health of both mother and fetus providing essential screenings, education and interventions to promote healthy development