Early Prevention
Intervening in young people’s lives before they engage in delinquency.
What is delinquency prevention?
Two elements most heavily influenced by mentoring
What are: reduction of delinquency and reduction of aggression?
The two categories of offenders the Juvenile Justice System have jurisdiction over
What are Delinquent offenders and Status offenders?
Addresses link between crime and poverty, child abuse, drugs, weapons, and school behavior
What is a comprehensive juvenile justice strategy?
Courts that make use of peer juries to decide nonferrous delinquency cases
What are teen courts?
Considered the “gold standard” of evaluation designs to measure the effect of a program on delinquency or other outcomes. Involves randomly assigning subjects either to receive the program (the experimental group) or not receive it (the control group)
What is the randomized controlled experiment?
Job training program that focuses on building or renovating affordable housing and provides educational services
What is YouthBuild U.S.A.?
Under the PARENS PATRIAE philosophy, procedures are informal and non-adversarial, invoked for juvenile offenders rather than against them. A petition instead of a complaint is filed, courts make findings of involvement or adjudication of delinquency instead of convictions. And juvenile offenders receive dispositions instead of sentences
What is the Juvenile Justice process?
Focused on youth considered at higher risk for delinquent behavior
What is an intervention?
Conflicting values, some want to get tough with young and others want to focus on treatment
What is contemporary juvenile justice?
The best-known home visitation program, which targeted first-time mothers-to-be who were under 19 years of age, unmarried, or poor.
What is the Nurse-Family Partnership?
The best-known and largest job training program in the United States. The goal is to improve the employability of participants by offering a comprehensive set of services that mainly includes vocational skills training, basic education (the ability to obtain equivalent graduate degrees), and health care.
What is Job Corps?
The most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders. It involves placing the child under the supervision of the juvenile probation department for the purpose of community treatment.
What is probation?
Targeting of risk factors and the promotion of protective factors; provision of services to children and families; and programs provided over the life course
What is the developmental perspective?
Actions that are illegal when committed by a minor, such as consuming alcohol, loitering, cruising. Also, they are rarely nationally mandated but rather are usually local ordinances
What are status offenses?
Poverty, hyperactivity or impulsiveness, inadequate parental supervision, and harsh or inconsistent discipline
What are some early risk factors?
Programs in which volunteers serve as role models to children, particularly teenagers; an example is Big Brothers Big Sisters of America.
What are mentoring programs?
A police investigation, intake procedures in the juvenile court, pretrial procedures for juvenile offenders; and adjudication, disposition, and post dispositional procedures.
What are the Juvenile Justice Process steps?
Increase restrictions/intensity of treatment as offenders move from minor to serious offenses
What are the graduated sanctions?
Removing as many youths from secure confinement as possible
what is deinstitutionalization?
The most widely cited parenting skills program, created by Gerald Patterson and his colleagues. Patterson’s research convinced him that poor parenting skills were associated with antisocial behavior in the home and at school.
What is the Oregon Social Learning Center?
A statistical technique that synthesizes results from prior evaluation studies.
What is a meta-analysis?
The most common variable in assessing for competency in juveniles, rather than mental illness
What is the developmental immaturity?
The goal is to provide special services to youths. And seeks to alleviate case flow problems resulting from overcrowding.
What is an alternative court?
This continues to be debated, with some states revising juvenile codes to restrict eligibility and to remove most serious offenders.
What is the future of prevention and juvenile justice system?