Cell Cycle and DNA
This is the phase of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated.
What is the S phase?
The physical expression of a gene.
What is a phenotype?
This tool cuts DNA at specific sequences.
What are restriction enzymes?
The "messenger" molecule that carries DNA instructions.
What is mRNA?
Change in species over time.
What is evolution?
These structures pull apart chromatids during mitosis.
What are spindle fibers?
The term for two different alleles.
What is heterozygous?
This technique amplifies DNA.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
The location where translation occurs.
What is mRNA?
When traits that help an organism survive are passed on.
What is natural selection?
The enzyme that adds nucleotides during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
This type of inheritance shows both traits equally (e.g., AB blood type).
What is codominance?
The process of separating DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
These match mRNA codons and bring amino acids.
What is tRNA?
This type of isolation happens when species breed at different times.
What is temporal isolation?
Name all 4 stages of mitosis in order.
What are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
The law that states alleles separate during gamete formation.
What is the Law of Segregation?
A concern about manipulating DNA in humans.
What is gene therapy ethics/controversy?
AUG is always the first codon translated.
What is the start codon?
A small group colonizing a new area, leading to a change in allele frequencies.
What is the founder effect?
This term describes the entire process of DNA copying itself.
What is DNA replication?
A cross involving two traits is called this.
What is a dihybrid cross?
This tool allows scientists to edit genes precisely.
What is CRISPR?
This type of mutation adds or deletes a base and shifts the reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
DNA and protein similarities between species are evidence for this.
What is common ancestry?