Pathophysiology
In PBC, high concentrations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes can be found in this location.
What is the portal triad?
PBC is more commonly seen in this gender
What are women?
Fill in the blank. PBC can lead to obstructive ____
What is jaundice?
What is the ultimate/final treatment option available for PBC?
What is liver transplant?
Hemochromatosis shows the highest prevalence in people of this geographical region.
What is Northern European?
In hemochromatosis, free radicals that damage cells and tissues are created through this reaction.
What is the Fenton reactions?
Age that hemochromatosis presents
What is adulthood?
Iron deposition in pancreatic cells can cause what chronic disease?
What is type 1 diabetes?
A medication used in the management of PBC that causes bile to become more hydrophilic
UDCA (Ursodeoxycholic acid)
PBC typically presents in this age range.
What is 40s and 50s?
The mutated protein in hemochromatosis is structurally similar to this important immunologic protein.
What is MHC?
Stain that separates iron from lipofuscin pigment in hepatocytes
What is Prussian Blue Stain?
Pruritis in primary biliary cholangitis is due to the deposition of what in the skin?
What are Bile Acids?
A medication used in the treatment of hemochromatosis that binds and iron and causes its secretion in the urine
What is deferoxamine (or other iron chelating agents)?
Hemochromatosis exhibits this type of inheritance.
What is autosomal recessive?
Hepcidin expression can be induced by these two mechanisms.
What are high serum iron and inflammation?
PBC is commonly associated with this autoimmune disorder
What is Sjorgen's?
What type of heart failure would you prominently see in the following patient with hemochromatosis?
What is Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
The main treatment of hemochromatosis that serves to decrease iron stores from blood and restore ferritin to normal levels
What is phlebotomy?
PBC is a/an ___ disease that is typically associated with other ___ diseases.
What is autoimmune?
In PBC, AMA targets a glycolytic enzyme that can be positively regulated by this cation.
What is calcium?
Classic triad that hemochromatosis presents as
The following skin findings in a PBC patient are due to ____ deposition in the skin.
What is cholesterol?
Two types of bacteria present in raw shellfish, which should be avoided by individuals with hemochromatosis to avoid infection
What are Vibrio vulnificus & Salmonella enteriditis?
Patients with ___ undergoing chronic transfusion therapy are at increased risk for developing hemochromatosis.
What is Beta-Thalassemia major?