Vaccine Basics
Vaccines in Public Health
MMR
Vaccine Myths
Polio
100
These often contain weakened or killed forms of diseases and allow the body to fight off and prevent infections.
What are vaccines?
100
This type of immunity means that when a significant proportion of a population is vaccinated or immune from a certain disease, everyone in that population is protected.
What is herd immunity?
100
This disease, which led to over 2 million worldwide deaths annually before widespread vaccination, has just made a resurgence in the United States in communities where vaccine refusal is common, with number of cases hitting a 20-year high in 2014.
What is measles?
100
Is there an increased risk of side effects when giving multiple vaccinations at once?
What is no. Studies have shown that giving multiple vaccinations at once is safe and do not increase the risk of side effects. Advantages include fewer office visits and injections for the child. Source: CDC
100
Since 1988, the amount of polio cases worldwide have decreased by over: A. 20% B. 50% C. 75% D. 99%
What is D. The number of polio cases reported worldwide has dropped from 350,000 in 1988 to 1,352 in 2010. Source: WHO
200
This is the United States national public health institute that oversees and makes recommendations for vaccine administration, and whose website you can visit to learn more about vaccines.
What is the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - visit: cdc.gov/vaccines
200
This disease, which caused 2 million deaths in 1967, was eradicated worldwide due to vaccination in 1979, and is the only human disease so far considered to have been eradicated.
What is smallpox?
200
This disease causes a congenital syndrome consisting of deafness, eye defects, heart disease, and other abnormalities, with greatest risk of damage in the first trimester.
What is rubella?
200
This compound in vaccines is falsely thought to be responsible for autism.
What is thimerosal (mercury). Case-control studies have found no evidence of increased risk of developing autism following thimerosal or mercury exposure. Source: Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Taylor et. al
200
This is the route which poliovirus spreads.
What is fecal oral. Polio virus infects cells in the mouth, oral cavity and throat. It then undergoes primary replication in the GI tract before infecting the CNS. Source: UptoDate.
300
This type of immunity is long-lasting and allows the body to produce antibodies and fight off infections. It can be gained from vaccines and from actually having a disease.
What is active immunity?
300
These vaccines are required for all children entering kindergarten in New York State in 2014/2015 (name 3 of the 5).
What are DTaP, Polio, MMR, Hep B, Varicella? (Full list of school requirements for all ages here: https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2370.pdf )
300
This disease causes rash and swelling of the salivary glands and testicles, and can lead to infertility.
What is mumps?
300
True or False. Vaccinations during pregnancy can harm the fetus and neonate and are contraindicated.
What is false. Research has shown that influenza vaccinations are not only safe during pregnancy, but are recommended for beneficial effects for both the mother and the child. Source: Safety of influenza immunization during pregnancy for the fetus and the neonate. Bednarczyk et. al
300
What is the most common type of polio vaccine given.
What is IPV (inactivated polio vaccine). This is the type of polio vaccine used in the United States. OPV (live attenuated polio vaccine) can be used but has a greater risk of side effects and is not used in the US. Source: UptoDate
400
This type of immunity is immediate and short-lasting, and occurs when antibodies are given directly. Newborns can gain this from the mother through the placenta.
What is passive immunity?
400
This program providing free vaccinations has been estimated to have saved 732,000 lives and $1.3 trillion in healthcare costs in the US since 1993
What is Vaccines for Children? (See: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6316a4.htm )
400
This is the number of doses of MMR vaccine recommended for children by the CDC.
What is 2? (First at 12-15 months, second at 4-6 years)
400
Vaccines are effective for what percentage of recipients?
What is 85-95%. Some recipients of vaccinations will not develop immunity depending on multiple factors including the immune system of the recipient. However, vaccinations remain efficacious due to the large number of recipients who are responsive and the "herd immunity" that it enables. Source: CDC
400
These are the only three countries where polio remains endemic.
What are Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Source. WHO
500
This is an extremely important part of documenting and staying up-to-date on your child’s vaccination status and is necessary for enrolling your children in school, camp, or for international travel.
What is a Vaccine Health Record or Immunization Record or CDC Immunization Tracker (Print out here: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/milestones-tracker.pdf)
500
This is the number of different diseases prevented by CDC-recommended childhood vaccines
What is 16? (Full list: Hib, Hep A, Hep B, HPV, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal, Polio, Rotavirus, Varicella)
500
While working at Merck in 1971, this microbiologist combined the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines into a single shot, live, attenuated MMR vaccine, of which over 500 million doses have been given.
Who is Maurice Hilleman?
500
DTaP vaccination has been wrongly associated with this syndrome.
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Peak of SIDS is from 2-4 months, which wrongly led to associations between SIDS and DTap vaccination. In a study by the Institute of Medicine, it was found that there is no association between DTaP vaccines and SIDS. Source: CDC
500
Name a dangerous side effect of Live Attenuated Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
What is vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis. The chances of this side effect is 1/900,000 vaccinations. In the US, IPV is used instead of OPV and is not associated with this side effect. Source: UptoDate
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