Crop rotation
Reason why rotation with crops that grow in the early spring and late fall can more easily penetrate plow pans and hard subsoil.
What is "the soil is typically moist and soft, which allows for root growth"
Name of underground perennating structure in the perennial weeds quackgrass and Canada thistle.
What is "rhizome"?
Management practice/approach that involved the removal of sources of disease infection or insect pest infestation.
What is Sanitation?
Three components of soil health
What are "Physical, Biological, and Chemical"?
Marketing approach used by Brian Caldwell
What is an apple CSA?
Term used to describe how soil building practices are an investment in long-term soil productivity
What is 'soil capital'?
Most vulnerable stage of annual weed lifecycle and key time for management
What is the "white thread stage"?
Name for a lightweight fabric material that is used to protect plants from insect pests.
What is floating row cover, or Reemay?
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia in the presence of nitrogenase, from bacteria living in symbiosis with leguminous plants
What is biological nitrogen fixation?
What are rodents?
Term used to describe the effect of incorporating crop residue, organic materials, or a cover crop that has a high carbon to nitrogen ratio on soil nitrogen availability.
What is nitrogen immobilization?
An approach to manageing weeds that emphasizes the use of several cultural practices in combination to achieve an overall effect that is similar to more intensive direct tactics (e.g. herbicides).
What is the "many little hammers" approach?
Name for the "immune response" that is triggered by beneficial soil organisms or by an attack by a pest
What is "Systemic Acquired Resistance", also would accept "Induced Systemic Resistance"?
Important indicator of soil health that affects both soil water holding capacity as well as soil drainage.
What is soil organic matter?
Stage of apple development that we observed during or field trip. Also the stage when copper should be sprayed to control fire blight.
What is silver tip to greentip?
Two factors (i.e. pest characteristics) that affect whether or not crop rotation can provide effective suppression
What are "host specificity" and "pest mobility"?
Example of this type of weed management include:
Transplant seedlings and establish size hierarchy
Fertilizer or irrigation placement close to crop
Select varieties with early vigor, bushy growth
Using larger crop seeds and increasing seeding rate
Delay planting in spring until soil warms
What is "cultural weed management"
Name for a type of biological control where a beneficial fungus infects a pathogenic fungus.
What is mycoparasitism?
According to the 'Soil fertility and crop nutrient management practice standard', organic farmers must ___________.
What is “maintain or improve the physical, chemical, and biological condition of the soil and minimize erosion”
Non-insecticide approach used to manage codling moth in organic orchards.
What is mating disruption?
Critical level of soil hardness that restricts root growth
What is 300 psi?
Specific weed management tactic that involves preparing a seedbed and killing weed seedlings that emerge without disturbing the soil again and stimulting more weed seed germination. One example of this tactic is flame weeding fast-emerging weeds in carrots just before carrot seedlings emerge.
What is a "stale seedbed"?
Non-selective botanical insecticide allowed in organic production that is made from chrysanthemums
What is "Pyganic"?
Agroecological principle that can help guide the regenerative of soil health
What is: Employ biology; Foster diversity; Cycle nutrients; Integrate perennials; Combine production; Nurture soil?
Name of the gene in apple varieties such as Modi and Liberty that confers resistance to apple scab?
What is the Vf gene?