A ____________ is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and procedure fertile offspring.
Species
100
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n) _______________
Variation
100
The development by scientist of a new color in a rose is the result of____________________.
Artificial selection
100
The wings of an ostrich are an example of a(n) ________________.
Vestigial structure
100
What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?
Adaptation
200
Which scientist proposed that if an organism used a structure so much that it grew,
the trait of that larger structure could be passed to its offspring?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
200
Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience
a. environmental changes.
b. genetic changes.
c. geologic changes.
d. extinctions
C. genetic change
200
In natural selection, the selective agent is the _________________.
Environment
200
Biogeography is the study of the __________________.
Distribution of organisms around the world.
200
The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)
Vestigial structure
300
The “present is the key to the past” describes the theory of _____________________.
Uniformitarianism
300
What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations on the Galápagos Islands
off the coast of South America?
a. different species on different islands
b. all species on one of the islands
c. identical species on all the islands
d. the same species as in North America
A. different species on different islands
300
All the rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a(n) _____________________.
Population
300
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of
vertebrates?
a. no evolutionary relationship between the groups
b. recent common ancestry
c. similar environments in the past
d. evolution from a distant common ancestor
D. evolution from a distant common ancestor.
300
Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?
Carolus Linnaeus
400
Which of the following is a fossil?
a. a plant that has recently died
b. a group of similar organisms that can reproduce
c. a structure or organ that no longer functions
d. a trace of an organism that existed in the past
d. a trace of an organism that existed in the past
400
What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found
in Argentina?
Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms
400
A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high _______________.
Fitness
400
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as
Homologous structures
400
Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are
heritable
500
The theory that landforms on Earth’s surface, such as mountains, waterfalls, and
canyons, were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called the
theory of ___________________.
Catatrophism
500
Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude
that
a. Earth is 6000 years old.
b. interspecific variation had taken place.
c. great change can happen over time.
d. an earthquake had taken place.
C. great change can happen over time
500
Which of the following describes natural selection?
a. It acts on genetic material directly.
b. It acts on existing physical traits.
c. It forms new traits.
d. It forms new genetic material.
B. It acts on existing physical traits
500
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in
a(n)
a. close relative.
b. early ancestor.
c. unrelated organism.
d. embryological stage
B. Early ancestor
500
The beak types of different Galápagos finch species are examples of