Exotic Pets
What is considered an exotic pet?
Any companion animal other than dogs and cats, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some small mammals.
What are the most commonly used laboratory animals?
Mice and rats.
What federal act governs the welfare of laboratory animals?
The Animal Welfare Act (AWA).
What is the primary goal of the Animal Welfare Act?
To protect and ensure humane treatment of animals used in research and education.
What are the three main types of research involving laboratory animals?
Basic, applied, and clinical research.
Name two species commonly kept as exotic pets.
Birds and reptiles.
Name one organization that regulates laboratory animal use in the U.S.
USDA, AWA, APHIS, OLAW, IACUC, ILAR, REAC, "Guide"
What are zoonotic diseases, and why are they a concern in veterinary medicine?
Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans; they pose health risks to both veterinarians and the public.
Describe the importance of proper record-keeping in animal facilities.
It ensures compliance with regulations, monitors animal health, and tracks research data.
Describe the difference between experimental and control groups in research.
Experimental groups receive the treatment being tested, while control groups do not and serve as a baseline for comparison.
What is the primary concern when treating exotic pets in a veterinary practice?
Understanding their unique anatomy and behavior.
What is the primary purpose of using laboratory animals in research?
To improve humanity’s knowledge and advance medical science.
Explain the ethical considerations regarding the use of animals in research.
Balancing the benefits of research with the moral obligation to minimize harm to animals.
What are some common measures to ensure the welfare of laboratory animals?
Providing appropriate housing, environmental enrichment, and regular health assessments.
What is the importance of using standard operating procedures (SOPs) in research?
SOPs ensure consistency, reliability, and compliance with regulations in research protocols.
Describe the stress factors that can affect exotic pets.
Intrinsic factors (genetic predispositions), extrinsic factors (environmental stressors), dietary factors, and experimental factors.
Describe the role of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
IACUC reviews and approves animal use protocols to ensure ethical treatment and compliance with regulations.
What are the Three R's in the context of laboratory animal research?
Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement in the use of animals for research.
Explain the concept of environmental enrichment for laboratory animals.
Enhancing the living conditions of animals to promote natural behaviors and improve well-being.
Explain the concept of gnotobiology.
The study of animals with completely known flora and fauna, often used to understand the effects of specific microbes.
What unique husbandry requirements do exotic pets need compared to dogs and cats?
Specialized enclosures that limit exposure to domestic species and accommodate their specific needs.
What is the significance of the Animal Welfare Act in relation to laboratory animals?
It sets standards for the care and use of laboratory animals and ensures their humane treatment.
How do regulations differ for exotic pets versus laboratory animals?
Regulations for exotic pets often focus on ownership and care, while laboratory animals are subject to strict research and welfare standards.
How does the USDA enforce the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Through inspections and penalties for non-compliance with established standards.
What are the implications of using non-animal alternatives in research?
They can reduce the need for animal testing, promote ethical research practices, and potentially lower costs.