Contradiction
True or false: something can exist and not exist simultaneously
False
True or false: something cannot be anything other than what it is
True
What does the principle of Excluded Middle state?
There is no middle state between being and notbeing
What does this principle state?
There is a sufficient reason for everything
What principle states that a thing is what it is
The Principle of Identity
What does the Principle of Contradiction state?
It is impossible for something to be and to not be at the same time
What does the principle of identity state?
A thing is what it is
False
What is the other name for this principle?
The principle of causality
According to ______, there is no middle state between being and not being
The Principle of Excluded Middle
Why is the following statement contradictory:
Aubrey is a horrible friend, but Aubrey is also a great friend.
This statement contradicts itself. Aubrey cannot be a good and bad friend at the same time.
Give an example of a statement that goes against this principle
Ex: The pear is a pear but it is also a banana
Give an example of something going from notbeing to being
Give an example of this principle
Ex: Larry exists because his parents brought him into existence.
I cannot be in Florida and Arizona at the same time. What principle justifies this?
The Principle of Contradiction
Give an example of a contradicting statement
Ex: Soccer is a sport and isn't a sport
Give an example of a statement that is correct according to the principle
Ex: a pear is only a pear and cannot be anything else
Why doesn't the state of becoming classify as a middle state?
The state of becoming is already within the realm of existence
Is the following statement correct in terms of this principle: Larry's coach is the reason he is a good soccer player.
Why or why not?
Yes. Although Larry may have other causes for being a good soccer player, his coach is one of them.
What principle states that a thing cannot precede itself?
The principle of sufficient reason
What differentiates Contradiction from Identity?
Identity states that a thing is what it is, contradiction states that a thing is what it is and cannot be the opposite.
Why can't something be something other than what it is according to this principle?
Existence is not a homogeneous mass, and each individual is distinguishable from one another.
What does "becoming" mean in terms of this principle
An alteration to a thing already in existence
Why can't something be the cause of itself?
In order for something to be the cause of itself, it would have to precede itself and be the cause of its existence, which is absurd.
What are the 4 principles of logic?
The principle of identity, contradiction, sufficient reason, and excluded middle