Atoms and Matter
What are the 3 states of Matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas
Where is most of an atoms mass found?
Nucleus
Which side of the periodic table do we find non-metals?
Left
How can an atom develop a charge?
By either losing or gaining an electron.
What is the law of conservation?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed
How do we define Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Structurally speaking, what does an atoms atomic number refer to?
How many protons are in the nucleus.
Name an element that is an example of a noble gas?
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
What is an ion?
A charged atom (positive or negative)
What is the difference between an anion and cation?
Anion= Negative Ion
Cation= Positive Ion
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Proton, Neutron and Electron
Structurally speaking, what does an atoms atomic mass refer to?
The number of protons and neutrons located in the atoms nucleus
What do we call the rows on the periodic table?
Periods
What is an isotope?
A variant of an element/atom that has more or less neutrons in the nucleus
How many electrons can exist on the first, second and third electron shell?
2, 8, 8
Where can we find each subatomic particle in an atom?
Protons and Neutron are located in the nucleus while electrons are orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud.
Are electron masses included in the atomic mass? Why or why not?
No. Electrons are too small to have much of an impact on an atoms mass
How does the size of an atom change as we move down the periodic table?
Atoms get bigger and more massive
What are valence electrons?
The electrons in an atoms outermost electron shell
What determines whether an atom would create a positive or negative ion?
The number of valence electrons in the atoms outer shell
What charges do each sub-atomic particle hold?
Protons = Positive
Electrons = Negative
Neutrons = Neutral
How do we know how many electrons an atom has just by looking at the periodic table?
All elements/atoms on the periodic table are neutral- meaning they have the same amount of positive charges (protons) as they do negative charges (electrons). Therefore the atomic number also tells us the number of electrons present in an atom.
Why are elements grouped together in groups (columns)?
Share the same chemical properties
What happens to an element if we change the number of protons in the nucleus?
The element changes as the number of protons determines what element the atom is
Why are atomic masses usually a number with a decimal? (not a whole number)
Atomic masses take into account all the isotopes that exist for that element and their relative concentrations and averages their mass.