Symptoms
The DSM-V TR sets forth the diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder. Which of the following is included in these criteria?
A) Symptoms of psychosis and a major mood disorder must be present, either concurrently or separately
B) Delusions or hallucinations must be present for 1 week.
C) Two or more primary criteria for schizophrenia in addition to criteria for mood disorder (mania or depression) must be present.
D) The disturbance can be attributable to the effects of substance or another medical condition
C) Two or more primary criteria for schizophrenia in addition to criteria for mood disorder (mania or depression) must be present.
A patient with a history of schizophrenia is agitated and attacks a nurse. The doctor prescribes medication for acute relief of his psychotic symptoms. What neurotransmitter is likely to be affected by this drug?
A) Dopaminergic D1 presynaptic receptors
B) Glutamate post synaptic receptors
C) Nicotinic receptors
D) Dopaminergic D2 postsynaptic receptors
E) Serotonin presynaptic receptors
D) Dopaminergic D2 postsynaptic receptors
68 y.o male patient who is homeless is evaluated in the ED for hallucinations and delusions that he is Jesus and the devil is trying to take over his body. Toxicology screen is negative. Which neurotransmitter effect is implicated in his most likely disorder?
A) Norepinephrine excess
B) Increased GABA reuptake
C) Increased dopamine in the mesolimbic tract
D) Low level of glutamate
E) Decreased seratonin
C) Increased dopamine in the mesolimbic tract
Which statement is correct regarding premorbid functioning in schizophrenia?
A) Early onset with severe symptoms predicts a more severe future course.
B) Longer duration of untreated psychosis is associated with better future functioning.
C) Patients with paranoia generally have worse premorbid functioning compared to other subtypes.
D) The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale also measures premorbid functioning.
E) Deficit-state patients in psychosis show better premorbid functioning.
A) Early onset with severe symptoms predicts a more severe future course
Why would keeping a patient on PCP in restraints for an extended period be a bad idea?
A) Restraints violate individual rights.
B) Restraints increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis
C) This is generally not an accepted practice
D) The patient may try to use the restraints as a weapon
B) Restraints increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis.
Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia?
A) They appear late, after age 65.
B) Patients with cognitive impairment are more compliant with medication.
C) They are present only with comorbid Alzheimer's pathology.
D) Functioning in the community doesn't influence cognitive decline in schizophrenia.
E) Patients experience problems with working memory and attention.
E) Patients experience problems with working memory and attention.
What is correct regarding the side effects of ziprasidone (Geodon)?
A) Tardive dyskinesia can occur at lower rates with ziprasidone (Geodon) compared to other atypical antipsychotics
B) Hypotension resulting from alpha-1 blockade occurs commonly
C) Weight gain and diabetes mellitus occur commonly with ziprasidone (Geodon).
D) Overdose is often fatal, and major symptoms are sedation and dysarthria
A) Tardive dyskinesia can occur at lower rates with ziprasidone (Geodon) compared to other atypical antipsychotics.
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia?
A) Rural birth
B) Exposure to radiation in gestational third trimester
C) no effect from maternal age at conception
D) Winter birth
D) Winter Birth
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia in adults worldwide?
A) 0%-0.05%
B) 0.3% - 0.35%
C) 2%- 4%
D) 3%-3.5%
E) 4%-5%
B) 0.3%-0.35%
Which of the following is part of the DSM criteria for gambling disorder?
A) Requiring bets of decreasing amounts of money to get the same psychological thrill
B) Not attempting to reduce, stop, or cut back on gambing
C) Feeling agitated or uncomfortable when trying to decrease the betting behaviors
D) Being truthful about how much/often they place bets
E) Happens during a manic episode
C) Feeling agitated or uncomfortable when trying to decrease the betting behaviors
Which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Anhedonia
B) Echopraxia
C) Abulia
D) Avolition
E) Asociality
B) Echopraxia
Which of the following antipsychotic medications has the lower risk of anticholinergic side effects?
A) Clozapine
B) Thioridazine
C) Chlorpromazine
D) Haloperidol
D) Haloperidol
Which description is true regarding the role of neurotransmitters in association with symptoms of schizophrenia?
A) Decreased norepinephrine with anhedonia
B) Decreased serotonin with severity of positive symptoms
C) Increased dopamine with severity of negative symptoms
D) Decreased acetylcholine with cognitive decline
E) Decreased glutamate with neurotoxicity
D) Decreased acetylcholine with cognitive decline
Which of the following is correlated with good prognosis in schizophrenia?
A) Gradual onset of psychiatric illness
B) Marriage
C) Male gender
D) Poverty of speech
E) Absence of family history of mood disorder
B) Marriage
Which of the following statements regarding inhalants is correct?
A) Withdrawal symptoms are severe
B) Inhalants are CNS stimulants.
C) Benzodiazepines are the medication of choice in treating inhalant intoxication.
D) Inhalant use accounts for 5% of all substance-related deaths
E) Death can result from aspiration, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmias, or respiratory depression
E) Death can result from aspiration, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmias, or respiratory depression
What is the most common subtype of delusional disorder?
A) Grandiose type
B) Jealous type
C) Persecutory type
D) Erotomanic type
E) All are equally common
C) Persecutory type
Which of the following methods has the best evidence for reducing hospitalization rates and/or homelessness in schizophrenia patients?
A) Family psychoeducation
B) Cognitive remediation in conjunction with vocational rehabilitation
C) Assertive community treatment
D) Cognitive behavioral therapy
E) Social skills training
C) Assertive community treatment
Which of the following viewpoints was presented by Bénédict Augustin Morel?
A) Development of psychiatric illness is based on body habitus.
B) Mental disorders generally originate from the brain.
C) Mental disorders are determined by course and outcome.
D) Diffuse cerebral pathology may form a unitary basis for various psychotic disorders.
E) Schizophrenia is premature dementia, emphasizing early onset and progressive clinical decline
E) Schizophrenia is premature dementia, emphasizing early onset and progressive clinical decline.
What is a risk factor for suicide that is specific to patients with schizophrenia (not shared with people who do not have schizophrenia)?
A) Social isolation
B) Depression
C) Male Gender
D) High IQ
E) Substance use disorder
D) High IQ
LSD is derived in part from which of the following?
A) Erythoxylon coca
B) Cannabis sativa
C) Poppy pods
D) Nicotiana tabacum
E) Ergot fungus
E) Ergot fungus
What is the typical course of symptoms in a typical patient with schizophrenia who is being treated with and responding to antipsychotic medications?
A) Positive sympts stay constant; negative sympts remit; cognitive sympts are drastically reduced
B) Positive sympts decrease; negative sympts stay roughly constant; cognitive sympts stay roughly constant
C) Positive sympts decrease and may remit; negative sympts remit; and cognitive sympts are drastically reduced
D) Positive sympts decrease and may remit; negative sympts decrease; cognitive sympts stay constant
B) Positive sympts decrease; negative sympts stay roughly constant; cogntive sympts stay roughly constant
Which EPS side effect is most commonly observed with clozapine use?
A) Tremor
B) Akathisia
C) Dystonia
D) Muscular Rigidity
E) Tardive dyskenisia
A) Tremor
A deletion on which chromosome increases the risk of schizophrenia?
A) 4
B) 22
C) 21
D) 19
E) 6
B) 22
What percentage of schizophrenic patients will relapse each year, even on maintenance dose of their antipsychotic?
A) Approximately 90%
B) Approximately 75%
C) Approximately 40%
D) Approximately 20%
E) Less than 10%
C) Approximately 40%
16 y.o boy presents for erratic behavior. He describes extreme mood swings, irritability, feelings of aggression toward his parents and teachers, and feelings of invincibility. Denies depressive feelings, states he feels "really good" and finds it difficult to explain his behavior. Besides bipolar disorder, what other condition might present similarly?
A) Cannabis intoxication
B) Nitrites intoxication
C) Viral encephalopathy
D) Anabolic steroid abuse
E) Expected teenage development
D) Anabolic steroid abuse