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Cradle to Grave
Stats & Studies
I'm fine. It's fine.
100
A right-handed patient ignores food on the left half of the plate and draws all numbers on the right side of a clock.
What is the right parietal lobe?
The parietal lobes are associated with “deployment of attention” of the contralateral space. This is a sensory deficit that has lack of attention to items in the left visual field. Damage of right parietal lobe is more commonly associated with hemineglect than left parietal lobes.
100
Histamine is made here.
What is the hypothalamus?
100
This test is considered most useful to specifically evaluate concept formation, reasoning, and executive functioning.
What is the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test?
100
This is the age that the developing brain has its highest number of neuronal synapses?
What is 2 years old?
100
A screening test correctly identifies 90 of 100 people who truly have a disorder. What property of the test is being described?
What is sensitivity?
measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such
100
This defense mechanism is at play when a medical student blames their bad performance on an attending not liking him.
What is rationalization?
using rational explanations to justify an unacceptable behavior or belief
200
A patient develops vertigo, diplopia, hoarseness, ipsilateral facial numbness, limb ataxia, nystagmus, and a tendency to fall toward the affected side. What syndrome is most likely?
What is lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome?
Lateral Medullary Stroke. Also, called Wallenberg’s Syndrome and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome.
Occlusion of the PICA leads to lateral medullary infarct. The symptoms include: contralateral deficits in pain/temperature (lateral spinal thalamic tract, which crossed early in spinal cord), ipsilateralloss pain/temperature to face (trigeminal nucleus), dysphagia/hoarseness and diminished gag reflex (Nucleus Ambiguous: vagus and glossopharyngeal), vertigo/nystagmus (vestibular), ipsilateral Horner’s (descending sympathetics), ipsilateral ataxia, and hiccups.
200
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is released from this brain region during stress.
What is the paraventricular nucleus?
200
This psychological test measures test-taking attitudes during the exam.
What is the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) validity scale?
200
In this stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children first understand conservation of volume.
What is concrete operational?
200
A study reports an odds ratio of 2.0 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.8-4.6. Is the association
statistically significant at the 0.05 level?
No.
Confidence interval containing 1 means you accept the null.
200
This defense mechanism is at play when a young man recounts how his father kicked his puppy to death but has no emotion when telling his therapist this.
What is isolation of affect?
300
A patient has fluent speech and intact comprehension but cannot repeat phrases. What white-matter tract is classically implicated?
What is the arcuate fasciculus?
The Arcuate Fasciculus connects Wernicke’s (comprehend) to Broca’s (say the words) in order to repeat words.
300
Orexin is made here.
What is the lateral hypothalamic nuclei?
300
This test assesses the ability to attend to a task while inhibiting interfering stimuli.
What is the Stroop Color and Word Test?
300
An 18y/o began psychotherapy due to feelings of inadequacy and depression in the context of working in a coffee shop since graduation from high school and deferring their college acceptance. He has been having conflicts with his parents over his ambivalence in attending college. According to Erikson, he is in this developmental stage.
What is identity vs role confusion?
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300
A rating instrument is said to have high reliability when this is demonstrated.
What is ratings being similar among different raters?
300
This defense mechanism is at play when someone with murderous impulses toward a neighbor gives the neighbor a bouquet of flowers.
What is reaction formation?
unacceptable impulse/emotion is converted to an acceptable impulse
400
This is where circadian rhythms related to sleep behavior are set and maintained.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
400
Wakefulness depends on this brain area.
What is the ascending reticular activating system?
Spans the reticular formation in the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
400
This neuropsychological test examines both visuospatial and executive functions.
What is clock drawing?
400
A female child performs a dance for her mother and basks in the gleam of her mother's eyes. According to self-psychology, the child is having this experience.
What is mirroring?
Heinz Kohut.
Caregiver reflects back to the child that they are seen/valued/special.
400
This type of error occurs when you fail to reject the null.
What is a type II beta error?
Type I alpha error: occurs when we incorrectly reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true
Type II beta error: occurs when we accept the null hypothesis (or fail to reject it) when it is actually false
400
This defense mechanism is at play when a person channels their distress from a breakup into kickboxing.
500
Adult neurogenesis happens in this area of the brain.
What is the hippocampus?
Specifically the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
500
In the mesolimbic pathway, dopaminergic neurons project to the nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain.
500
This psychological test determines neuropsychological impairment.
What is the Halstead-Reitan battery?
500
A recently retired woman with recent life transitions has regrets about her job and her daughter. She wants a meaningful last few decades. She is in this developmental stage according to Erikson.
Integrity vs Despair
Accepting responsibility for one's own life, holding onto integrity, and a “detached yet active concern with life.”
Virtue: wisdom
Pathology: failing to attain integrity leads to becoming deeply disgusted with the external world and contemptuous of persons and institutions. Disgusts masks the fear of death and a sense of despair that “time is now too short for the attempt to start another life and try out alternate routes to integrity.”
500
A new diagnostic test is evaluated only in patients from a tertiary referral clinic where disease prevalence is much higher than in routine practice. This commonly reported test characteristic is especially likely to
change when the test is used in the general population.
What is positive predictive value?
PPV: the proportion of positive test results that are true positives. PPV varies with the prevalence of the disease in the population the test is being used on.
NPV: the proportion of negative test results that are true negatives
500
A sports fan is furious with a spectator for interfering with a play that could have won the game. He criticizes the spectator on social media.
What is displacement?
shift emotion from one object to another