The Fundamentals
This difference between public speaking and casual conversations explains how both are organized.
Public speaking is carefully organized, whereas conversations are very loosely organized.
The function of this type of public speaking is to give information to listeners with the goal of having them pay attention and understand something new.
What is informative speaking?
This type of outline is the final step in planning the structure of your speech and works to flush out your ideas into complete, coherent thoughts and sentences.
What is a formal outline?
These are the building blocks of a speech. They help illustrate the meaning of topics, show the relevance of ideas, make your words memorable and verify controversial statements or claims.
What are supporting materials?
This technique for the structure of supporting materials combines the principals of comparison and contrast to point similarities between things or concepts that are essentially dissimilar.
What is an analogy?
This public speaking anxiety management technique helps you control your anxieties when you systematically imagine yourself succeeding as a speaker and then practice your presentation with that image in mind.
What is visualization?
PREP is a handy formula to stay focused within main points when briefly preparing for THIS type of speech.
What is impromptu?
This type of purpose narrows your topic and brings it into sharp focus. It states precisely what you want your listeners to understand, believe, feel or do.
What is a Specific Purpose?
THIS type of supporting material grounds your speech in reality.
What are facts?
These are the motivations, attitudes, beliefs and values that affect how listeners receive a message.
What are audience dynamics?
The perception of a speaker as confident, decisive and enthusiastic.
What is dynamism?
As the second phase of THIS process, understanding empowers listeners by providing them with concrete information on the issue at hand.
What is the persuasive process?
This speech element, included in the introduction, is the central idea of the message of a speech and summarizes what you intend to say.
What is a thesis statement?
This type of supporting material comes from people who are qualified by training or experience to speak as authorities on a subject.
What is expert testimony?
This speech design is very focused and uses five steps: gaining attention, demonstrating need, satisfying that need, visualizing the results, and calling for action.
What is the motivated sequence?
This type of effective listening is skeptical of a message and examines evidence to assess the credibility of sources and analyzes rhetorical strategy.
What is critical listening?
THIS occurs when THIS type of speech creates the feeling that speaker and listeners share goals, values, emotions, memories, motives, and cultural background
What is identification in ceremonial speaking?
This technique to find a topic uses a system of questions like Who? What? Where? When? and Why? to explore the possibilities of a broad topic area.
What is topic analysis?
This type of supporting material illustrates an idea in your speech by involving listeners in creating meaning, so that the message becomes their discovery.
What is a narrative?
This speech element shows your listeners how your ideas connect with one another and may help your audience focus on the meaning of what you have already discussed or prepare them for what is to come.
What is a transition?
This moral dimension of human conduct involves the way we treat others and want to be treated and is very important to consider when preparing a speech because the words that come out of our mouths have consequences.
What are ethics?
In informative speaking, this is determined by how much new and important information or understanding is provided to the audience.
What is informative value?
Name four of the five criteria for evaluating research materials according to Janet Alexander and Marsha Ann Tate?
What are authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, or coverage?
Use this type of supporting material to arouse and sustain interest, aid in understanding, provide emphasis, and/or make your speech interesting.
What is an example?
This principal of speech design refers to the ease with which audiences can follow, understand, and remember your message.
What is simplicity?