Week 1
_______ ______ is obtained through questioning; information that cannot be measured
Subjective data
The ______ of a drug is defined as the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%
The half-life of a drug is defined as the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%.
Levodopa is the cornerstone of PD treatment. The practical nurse knows that this medication works by what action?
A. Raise levels of dopamine in the CNS
B. Lower levels of dopamine in the CNS
C. Raise levels of serotonin in the CNS
D. Raise levels of acetylcholine in the CNS
A. raise levels of dopamine in the specific neurons in patients with PD
The nurse is taking care of a client that is taking spironolactone and enalapril. The nurse will monitor for which of the following primary adverse effect?
A. hyperuricemia
B. hypermagnesemia
C. hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
C. Because of the risk of hyperkalemia, potassium-sparing diuretics should not be combined with one another or with potassium supplements, and they should be used cautiously in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, or direct renin inhibitors.
250 lb= __kg
A. 550 kg
B. 113.6 kg
C. 0.0088 kg
D. 50 kg
What is B. 113.6 kg
The practical nurse is about to administer insulin for a patient who is diabetic. The practical nurse verifies that a blood sugar was taken and can see that the patient is hyperglycemic. This is an example of what right of drug administration?
The right reason
The practical nurse must know the reason for administering a medication.
Many medications enhance or mimic what the body does already. These medications are categorized as receptor ___1___ Some medications block the activity of a receptor. These medications are categorized as receptor __2__. Then there are medications that elicit an incomplete action of the receptor site. These medications are categorized as receptor ___3___.
1. agonists
2. antagonists
3. partial agonists.
Donepezil belongs to what class of medications? What is the MOA of Donepezil?
What is Cholinesterase inhibitors?
What is they increase the availability of acetylcholine (Ach) at cholinergic synapses, enhancing transmission by cholinergic neurons that have not yet been destroyed by AD.
ACEi block the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme which limits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II a very potent vasoconstricting substance. The practical nurse knows that what is the suffix for this class of medications?
A. olol
B. -pril
C. -sartan
D. -statin
B. -pril
The healthcare provider orders a patient to take 250 mg PO TID. You're supplied with 125 mg/tablet. How many tablets will you administer per dose?
A. 2 tablets/dose
B. 6 tablets/dose
C. 3 tablets/dose
D. 4 tablets/dose
What is A. 2 Tablet/dose?
250mg x 1tablet/125mg
The following information was collected. BP 113/88, HR 69, and urine culture negative for bacteria. The practical nurse knows that this information is subjective or objective data?
Objective
•Objective data: obtained through observation; information that is observed or could be verified by another
____ is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.
What is Pharmacodynamics?
_________ are a large group of specific chemicals that carry specific information across the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitters
The practical nurse knows that nitroglycerin is used for angina. With limited oxygen to the myocardial cells a byproduct called lactic acid is produced that causes the pain. The practical nurse knows that what is an expected self-limiting side effect of nitroglycerin?
A Headache
Why is Carbidopa combined with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's Disease?
Carbidopa enhances the effects of levodopa by preventing decarboxylation of levodopa in the intestine and peripheral tissues
The practical nurse is about to give a PRN medication. The practical nurse sees that the medication is ordered as needed every 4 hours. The last time the medication was given was 6 hours ago. The practical nurse was checking which right of medication administration?
The Right Time
The practical nurse knows that drugs have three types of names: a chemical name, a generic name, and a trade name. Which name should the practical nurse use in medical institutions?
Generic name
The practical nurse knows that phenytoin is a teratogenic medication and that it is contraindicated in ______?
Pregnancy
This medication is a teratogen causing birth defects and is contraindicated in pregnancy.
A practical nurse is taking care of a patient undergoing diuresis. Which diuretic class would the practical nurse expect the provider to order to produce the greatest diuresis?
A. thiazide
B. loop
C. potassium-sparing
D. osmotic
B. loop diuretic such as furosemide
Combining levodopa with a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor can result in ______
What is hypertensive crisis?
The practical nurse administered a PRN pain medication to the patient 1 hour ago. At the time of administration, the pain was rated 6/10. The patient know rates the pain as a 2/10. Which step in the nursing process was completed?
Evaluation
Once you have administered the pain medication, there is an appropriate time to evaluate the patient’s response.
The practical nurse receives an order for a new medication. The practical nurse is unsure of what the prescribed dosage is. What should the practical nurse do?
A. call the pharmacist to see what a safe dose is for the medication
B. contact the registered nurse to clarify the order
C. contact the provider
D. administer 10 mg once a day because that's what the other practical nurse on the floor believes the order states
C. contact the provider
A patient has received an initial dose of interferon beta. The nurse knows that which of the following are adverse effects of this medication? SATA
A. Flu-like reaction
B. Suicidal thoughts
C. Hypertension
D. Injection-site reaction
A, B, D
•Adverse effects and drug interactions
•Flu-like reactions
•Hepatotoxicity
•Myelosuppression
•Injection-site reactions
•Depression
•Suicidal thoughts
•Neutralizing antibodies
A practical nurse is about to administer a scheduled dose of simvastatin to a client. Which of the following findings would make the nurse hold the dose and contact the provider?
A. severe diarrhea
B. upper abdominal pain
C. muscle pain
D. green urine
C. Signs of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
Upper abdominal pain could be a sign of gallstones, adverse effect of gemfibrozil.
Green urine could be caused by medications like promethazine indomethacin
Statins often cause constipation
The nurse knows that what drug is used to treat severe heparin-induced bleeding?
Severe heparin-induced bleeding can be treated with protamine sulfate, a drug that binds heparin, stopping it from working