HTN
BP > 120/80
Define Inotropy
The force of contraction of the heart
True of False: Clopidogrel is a blood thinner
FALSE
POTASSIUM
HYPOGLYCEMIA
What is a common adverse effect of bile acid sequestrants?
GI complaints (flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, steatorhhea)
What is the black box warning for ACE inhibitors and ARBs?
avoid in pregnancy - teratogenic
How do you differentiate left from right sided heart failure
Left = lungs, right = rest (dependent edema)
True or False: Alteplase (tPA) is used as a preventative measure against blood clots
False!! It is a thrombolytic. Used to dissolve an already existing clot.
What is an important nursing consideration when giving IV furosemide (lasix)?
Must administer slowly! 10-20 mg/ 1-2 min
True or False: Metformin is contraindicated with contrast dye
TRUE
True or false: Cholestyramine and Warfarin interact
TRUE
What is the mechanism of action of Beta-Blockers? Name 2 clinical effects.
Block beta receptors in the heart. Decreased HR and BP.
What class of medication is prescribed FIRST in heart failure
ACE inhibitor
After providing teaching about the patient’s new medication, warfarin, your patient states that they will increase the amount of spinach they eat. Have they understood the teaching?
NO - consistent intake of green leafy veggies - WHY?
A patient is fluid overloaded but has been having chronically low potassium levels. What diuretic would you expect the provider to order?
Spironolactone - potassium sparing
What is the major difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 1 is caused by destruction of pancreatic cells, while type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired secretion.
Type 1 can only be managed through insulin, while type 2 can attempt to be managed by diet, exercise, oral anti-diabetic medications, and THEN insulin
Cholestyramine
Match the ending of the med with the class
ACE inhibitors -'pine
ARBs -'olol
Beta-Blockers -'tan
Calcium channel blockers -'pril
ACE inhibitors: 'pril
ARBs: 'tan
Beta-Blockers: 'olol
Calcium channel blockers: 'pine
Reversal agent for Digoxin
Digibind
What is the therapeutic range for INR for a patient taking warfarin?
2-3
Name 3 important nursing considerations for the administering diuretics
Meal time or rapid-acting insulin is given ____ mins before meals because of its onset of action of that many mins
15-30 min
Mix and Match
<200 Triglyceride levels
<150 HDL levels
<130 Total Cholesterol levels
>40 LDL levels
<200 Total Cholesterol levels
<150 Triglyceride levels
<130 LDL levels
>40 HDL levels
What is a major teaching point for diabetics that receive a beta blocker?
Beta blockers will mask the signs of hypoglycemia
Name 3 signs/symptoms of Digoxin toxicity
Abdominal complaints (pain, nausea, vomiting)
Visual disturbances
Headache
Life threatening dysrhythmias (heart block, PVC's)
Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion
For which patients would it be appropriate to give heparin? MI, ischemic stroke, DVT, and/or aneurysm? Select all that apply
MI, ischemic stroke, DVT.
NOT aneurysm - risk for rupture
When is the osmotic diuretic mannitol used?
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
How does glyburide work to manage Type 2 diabetes?
Stimulates pancreas cells to make more insulin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can cause this myopathy
Rhabdomylosis
What anti-hypertensive agent would be administered via IV in a hypertensive emergency?
Hydralazine
What are the indications for Milrinone?
Acute, severe heart failure. Used for patients unresponsive to Digoxin, diuretics and vasodilators. End-stage heart failure - palliation or bridge to transplant.
What class of medication is Enoxaparin (Lovenox)? Describe the steps you would teach a client being prescribed Lovenox.
Low-molecular weight heparin (blood thinner)
1. Identify area for injection (LOVE handles)
2. Clean area with alcohol
3. Inject (90 degree angle) - push slowly and consistently to decrease burning
4. Remove needle, apply safety, and discard in a sharps container.
Some adverse effects of spironolactone include abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Related to these, which SERIOUS adverse effect should the nurse be aware of, and how might it present?
GI bleeding, depends on location, blood in stool
What lab value AE would you see for a pt who has been taking metformin for T2DM for many years, which is also the BBW for this medication?
Lactic acidosis / increase in lactic acid
Which medication will NOT increase HDL levels. Select all that apply
A. Atorvastatin
B. Cholestyramine
C. Fenofibrate
D. Ezetimibe
Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe