Probability and Genetics Jeopardy Pt 1

Probability

100

What is the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads?

What is 50%?

200

 If you roll a die, what is the probability of rolling a number greater than 4?

What is 1/3?

300

In a bag of 10 marbles (4 red, 3 blue, 3 green), what is the probability of randomly drawing a blue marble?

300 points: The probability of randomly drawing a blue marble is 1/3

400

Explain how probability can be used to predict the likelihood of a certain trait being expressed in a population.

• 400 points: Probability can be used to predict the likelihood of a certain trait being expressed by calculating the ratios of different genotypes and phenotypes based on genetic crosses.

500

How do you calculate the expected ratio of offspring when crossing two heterozygous parents for a trait?

• 500 points: To calculate the expected ratio of offspring from two heterozygous parents (e.g., Aa x Aa), a Punnett square is constructed, showing a 3:1 ratio for dominant to recessive traits in phenotype.

Meiosis

100

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

• 100 points: The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction.

200

 How many chromosomes are present in human gametes after meiosis?

• 200 points: Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes after meiosis.

300

Describe two key differences between meiosis and mitosis.

• 300 points: Two key differences between meiosis and mitosis are: 1) Meiosis results in four genetically diverse daughter cells, while mitosis results in two identical daughter cells. 2) Meiosis involves two rounds of division, while mitosis involves one.

400

What role does crossing over play in genetic variation during meiosis?

• 400 points: Crossing over during meiosis allows homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material, increasing genetic variation among offspring.

500

How does meiosis contribute to the principle of independent assortment in genetics?

• 500 points: Meiosis contributes to independent assortment by randomly distributing maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes, leading to varied combinations of genes.

Mitosis

100

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

• 100 points: The main purpose of mitosis is to enable growth, repair, and asexual reproduction by producing identical daughter cells.

200

How many stages are there in mitosis, and what are they called?

• 200 points: There are four stages in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

300

What is the result of mitosis in terms of cell number and chromosome number?

• 300 points: The result of mitosis is two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the original cell (for humans, 46 chromosomes).

400

Explain how errors during mitosis can lead to genetic disorders.

• 400 points: Errors during mitosis, such as unequal distribution of chromosomes, can lead to genetic disorders like cancer or Down syndrome.

500

 Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis in terms of their outcomes.

• 500 points: Mitosis produces identical cells for growth and tissue repair, while meiosis produces diverse gametes for reproduction; mitosis maintains chromosome number, whereas meiosis halves it.

Genetic Disorders

100

What is a genetic disorder?

• 100 points: A genetic disorder is a disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's DNA, which can be inherited or occur spontaneously.

200

Name one example of a genetic disorder caused by a single gene mutation.

• 200 points: One example of a genetic disorder caused by a single gene mutation is cystic fibrosis.

300

How can Punnett squares be used to predict the likelihood of a genetic disorder being passed to offspring?

• 300 points: Punnett squares can predict the likelihood of a genetic disorder being passed by showing potential genotype combinations from parents.

400

 Explain how chromosomal abnormalities can lead to genetic disorders.

• 400 points: Chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidy (extra or missing chromosomes), can lead to genetic disorders by disrupting normal development and function.

500

Discuss how understanding genetics and probability can help in the treatment or management of genetic disorders.

• 500 points: Understanding genetics and probability helps in treating genetic disorders by allowing predictions of risks and guiding genetic counseling and testing.

Chromosome

100

What is a chromosome?

• 100 points: A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.

200

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 200 points: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.

300

Define homologous chromosomes and provide an example.

• 300 points: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content; an example is the pair of chromosomes that determine eye color.

400

What is the significance of chromosome number in determining species?

• 400 points: The significance of chromosome number in determining species is that each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes that is essential for proper reproduction and genetic stability.

500

Explain what happens during nondisjunction and its potential effects on the organism.

• 500 points: Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, leading to conditions like Down syndrome, where there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.