Vocabulary
Counting
Combinations and Permutations
Simple Probability
And/Or Probability
100
Define and provide an example of: FAVORABLE OUTCOME
Definition: the result that we are interested in/ looking for ("favorable" does not mean that this result is any better than any other result) Example: If we wanted to find the probability of rolling a 4 on a die, then 4 would be the favorable outcome.
100
Calculate 7!
5040
100
Explain the difference between COMBINATIONS and PERMUTATIONS
With COMBINATIONS order does not matter (like fruit salad), but with PERMUTATIONS, order does matter (like the arrangement of letters in a password)
100
A bag contains 5 red cars, 4 blue cars, and 6 green cars. What is the probability of randomly choosing a blue car?
P(blue) = 4/15
100
A bag contains 5 red cars, 4 blue cars, and 6 green cars. What is the probability that a car chosen at random will be either red or blue?
P(red OR blue) = 9/15 or 3/5
200
Definition: the number resulting from multiplying a whole number by every whole number between itself and 1. Its symbol is "!"
FACTORIAL
200
Shelly has 5 new shirts, 3 new skirts, and 4 new pairs of shoes. How many different outfits can she make?
5 x 3 x 4 = 60 outfits
200
Joe's laptop password is five letters long, and none of the letters repeat. How many 5-letter possibilities are there for Joe's password?
ORDER MATTERS 26P5 = 26 x 25 x 24 x 23 x 22 = 7,893,600 passwords
200
Harry rolls two six-sided dice. Find P(sum of 12).
P(sum of 12) = 1/36
200
Hermione rolls a pair of six-sided dice. What is the probability that she will roll a pair of fours?
P(four AND four) = 1/36
300
Define and provide an example: PERMUTATIONS
Definition: an arrangement of items where order matters. Example: a combination lock (the order of the numbers must be correct in order to open the lock)
300
In how many different orders can 10 people stand in line?
10! = 3,628,800
300
FBLA is choosing a Leadership Committee of 4 people. If there are 20 people in FBLA, how many different ways could this committee be formed?
Order DOES NOT matter. 20C4 = (20 x 19 x 18 x 17)/ (4 x 3 x 2 x 1) = 4845 different committees
300
A bag contains 5 red cars, 4 blue cars, and 6 green cars. You remove one car at random and record that it is blue, then choose another car without putting the first car back in the bag. What is the probability that the second car will be green?
P(green) = 6/14 or 3/7
400
Definition: the average expected outcome of a probability distribution Example: if you flip a coin 4 times, you expect the coin to land Tails up 2 of those times
EXPECTED VALUE
400
When rolling three six-sided dice, how many different outcomes (rolls) are there?
6 x 6 x 6 = 216 different rolls
400
Maria's Pizza Parlor offers 15 different pizza toppings. How many different 3-topping pizzas can Maria make?
Order DOES NOT matter: 15C3 = (15 x 14 x 13) / (3 x 2 x 1) = 455 pizzas
400
What is the probability of drawing a face card from a standard deck of 52? (Put your answer in lowest terms)
P(face card) = 3/13
400
You draw two cards from a deck of 52 (without replacing the first card into the deck). What is the probability that both cards will be spades?
P(spades AND spades) = 1/16
500
Define: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
Definition: a histogram/bar graph which shows and compares the probabilities of all possible outcomes
500
Greg's bike lock opens when he lines up four 1-digit numbers in the correct order. How many different possible combinations are there for this bike lock?
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000 different combinations
500
Taylor's license plate number cinsists of three letters followed by three numbers. If none of the letters or numbers repeat, how many different arrangements are possible for Taylor's license plate number?
ORDER MATTERS, and there are two parts to this problem Letters: 26P3 = 26 x 25 x 24 = 15,600 Numbers: 10P3 = 10 x 9 x 8 = 720 15,600 x 720 = 11,232,000 license plates
500
Jesse flipped a quarter 7 times. It landed Heads up the last six times in a row. What is the probability that the quarter will land Heads up on the next toss?
P(Heads) = 1/2
500
You draw two cards from a standard deck of 52 (without replacing the first card into the deck). What is the probability that you will draw an 11 on either card?
P(11 OR 11) = 0
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