Principle 1
Principle 2
Principle 3
Principle 4
Domains
100
The definition of Principle 1.
What is to maximize the effectiveness of intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
100
The definition of Principle 2.
What is to give the molecule the same processing experience?
100
The definition of Principle 3.
What is to optimize the driving forces and interfacial areas?
100
The definition of Principle 4.
What is to maximize the synergistic effects of partial processes?
100
The four domains of Process Intensification.
What is spatial, temporal, temporal and thermodynamic.
200
The goal of Principle 1.
What is for reactions to proceed at maximum achievable efficiency?
200
The goal of Principle 2.
What is for all molecules to undergo the same processing history?
200
The goal of Principle 3.
What is that the hydrodynamic, heat-, and mass-transfer limitations are removed?
200
The goal of Principle 4.
What is that the synergies resulting from interrelations between various operations and steps are fully utilized?
200
Ejector-based liquid jet reactor is an example of PI in this domain.
What is Thermodynamic Domain
300
A foam catalyst support reactor maximizes this to meet the goal of Principle 1.
What is molecular collision?
300
A rotating packed bed reactor maximizes this to meet the goal of Principle 3.
What is mixing?
300
A membrane reactor maximizes this to meet the goal of Principle 3.
What is surface area?
300
Reactive distillation combines these processes to meet the goal of Principle 4.
What is chemical reaction and distillation?
300
Dividing-wall Column is an example of PI in this domain.
What is Functional Domain
400
Factors responsible for the effectiveness of a reaction are: geometry of approach, orientation of molecules during collisions, molecules’ energy, and this other factor.
What is the number/frequency of molecular collisions.
400
A process in which all molecules have the same history (i.e., undergo the same steps under the same conditions) will deliver uniform products with this amount of waste.
What is minimum waste.
400
This principle relates to this kind of rate across interfaces.
What is transport rates.
400
Combining one or more functions within one component often yields significantly better performance than separate functions executed sequentially. This type of functionality is called this.
What is Multifunctionality.
400
Millireactor and Static Mixer is an example of PI in this domain.
What is Spatial Domain.
500
Ensuring that molecules are oriented and energized correctly for a reaction can be compared to this table-top activity.
What is pool or billiards.
500
Compared to a CSTR, this type of reactor is much better at ensuring all molecules have the same experience.
What is a plug-flow reactor.
500
A typical packed bed reactor passes reactants through a catalyst in the form of pellets. This form of catalyst increases heat transfer (and mixing time) in the reactor.
What is metal foam catalysts.
500
One example of multifunctionality is this type of distillation equipment that reduces operating costs and simulates two distillation columns in series.
What are divided wall distillation columns.
500
Cyclic Distillation is an example of PI in this domain.
What is Temporal Domain.