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100
Acid-base imbalance recognized by decreased pH and HCO3- levels. May be caused by alcohol intox (acetic acid), shock or exercise (lactic acid), or ketosis. Respiratory rate and depth will be elevated in an effort to release C02.
What is metabolic acidosis
100
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs. The right side of the heart receives O2 poor blood from body tissues and pumps it into the lungs to pick up O2 and dispel CO2.
What is the pulmonary circuit
100
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from all other body tissues. The left side of the heart receives O2 rich blood returning from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body to supply tissues with O2 and nutrients.
What is systemic circuit
100
7.35-7.45
What is normal range blood pH
100
A process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel. It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel.
What is hemostasis
200
The percentages of body water contained in various fluid compartments. This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. Ensuring the right amount of body water is part of fluid balance, an aspect of homeostasis. ~50-60% in healthy adults (female and male respectively)
What is total body water
200
A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group.
What is hemoglobin
200
The natural pacemaker of the heart. It controls the heart rate by generating electrical impulses and then sending electrical signals through the heart muscle, causing the heart to contract and pump blood throughout the body. It sets the pace for the heart as a whole because no other region of the conduction system or myocardium has faster depolarization rate.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node
200
This blood type is considered the universal recipient
What is AB+
200
Cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. They are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.
What is Leukocytes
300
This hormone is proportional to the amount of water reabsorbed in the renal collecting ducts. The release or inhibition of this hormone is controlled by osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus. The posterior pituitary is triggered to release it when there is an increase in ECF osmolality, and inhibit its release when ECF osmolality is low whihc would allow more water to be excreted in the urine, restoring normal blood osmolality.
What is anti-diuretic hormone.
300
The power generating phase of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricle is contracting.
What is ventricular systole
300
Opposition of flow that is a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessels. Sources include blood viscosity, vessel length and vessel diameter.
What is peripheral resistance
300
The substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. It is found in the cavities of many bones, including flat and short bones, bodies of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and articulating ends of long bones. It also manufactures and releases leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes into the bloodstream.
What is red bone marrow
300
A component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.
What is platelets
400
The additional amount of sodium bicarbonate that the body produces to maintain a normal arterial pH (7.35 to 7.45) when the carbon dioxide level increases as a result of hypoventilation. This is maintained by the kidneys, which control the excretion of bicarbonate ions in urine.
What is alkaline reserve
400
Responsible for production of RBC, WBC, and platelets.
What is bone marrow
400
Medium-sized arteries which contain layers of smooth muscle that draw blood from an elastic artery and branch into resistance vessels, including small arteries and arterioles.
What is distributing (muscular) artery
400
Maintain osmotic pressure, increase blood viscosity, and help maintain blood pressure. These include albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and the gamma globulins, which constitute 6% to 7% of the blood plasma. All except the gamma globulins are synthesized in the liver.
What is plasma proteins
400
The breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine.
What is emulsification
500
A group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. The main components of the cardiac conduction system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.
What is cardiac conduction system
500
A large bone marrow cell with a lobulated nucleus responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets), which are necessary for normal blood clotting.
What is a megakaryocyte
500
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings. It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.
What is pulse pressure
500
A protein made by the liver that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels, nourishes tissues, and transports hormones, vitamins, drugs, and substances like calcium throughout the body.
What is albumin
500
A digestive juice that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It contains a waste product of hemoglobin break down, called bilirubin. It assists with fat digestion and absorption in the gut and is a means for the body to excrete waste products from the blood.
What is bile
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