Hormone Actions
This hormone controls the increase of serum calcium.
What is parathyroid hormone?
There are 9 endocrine glands. List at least 4 of them.
What are the major organs of the endocrine system include the:
1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary 3. Thyroid gland 4. Parathyroid glands 5. Thymus gland 6. Pineal gland 7. Pancreas 8. Adrenal glands 9. Gonads
There are two types of feedback in the endocrine system (negative and positive). This type is the most common.
What is Negative feedback?
This condition is the presence of excessive thyroid hormone.
What is Grave's disease?
This is the most important treatment for patients who are experiencing and endocrine driven crisis with symptoms that include:
Confusion, Severe dehydration, Severe Hypotension, Low body temperature, and Severe fatigue
S/S of Addisonian Crisis
Most important treatment is the replacement of steroids.
Other treatment includes IV fluid volume restoration and monitoring bp.
These 2 adrenal hormones are impacted by Addison's Disease.
What are cortisol and aldosterone?
Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
What is the adrenal glands (specifically the adrenal medulla)
This system transports hormones through the body.
What is the bloodstream?
The therapuetic indication for this medication is to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid.
What is Propylthiouracil? (PTU)
Bone overgrowth is caused by an excess of this hormone.
What is excessive growth hormone (GH)?
This endocrine gland is considered to be the "master gland" of the body.
What is the pituitary gland?
This hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and impacts fluid volume.
What is ADH?
This autoimmune disorder causes an inadequate amount of cortisol.
What is Addison's Disease?
Hormone receptors are located on these:
What are target cells?
This medication treatment plan is the major component for hypothyroidism.
What is levothyroxine?
ACTH controls the secretion of this hormone?
What is cortisol?
This gland produces corticosteroids, Influences/regulates salt and water balance, and impacts the body’s response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, sexual development, and function.
What is the adrenal cortex?
Calcitonin is secreted when blood calcium levels get too high. It opposes the action of which hormone?
What is Parathyroid hormone?
What surgical procedure is used to correct acromegaly?
What is a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy?
This medication would be ordered for a patient who has a urine specific gravity of 1.04.
What is vasopressin?
(Treatment for DI) Urine specific gravity inidcates urine that is close to the specific gravity of water. This occurs in Diabetes Insipidus (Lack of ADH) and must be treated by replacing ADH which is known as the treatment vasopressin.
These 2 hormones control the thyroid gland.
What are TSH and thyrotropin?
If a person has diabetes insipidis, in which gland would you look for the cause?
What is the pituitary gland?
Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, a tumor, a head injury or an illness can cause central diabetes insipidus by affecting the usual production, storage and release of ADH. An inherited genetic disease can also cause this condition.
The resulting endocrine disorder when Anterior Pituitary doesn’t make enough TSH.
What is Hypothyroidism?
This disorder is characterized by oversecretion of cortisol, usually caused by a pituitary tumor over a long period of time.
What is Cushing's disease?
A benign (non-cancerous) tumor of the pituitary gland can secrete an excess amount of ACTH, which can cause Cushing's syndrome.
A patient with this endorine disorder would complain of feeling hot, their heart is racing and having difficulty sleeping.
What is hyperthyroidism or Graves disease?
This endocrine disorder will cause a positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign.
What is hypoparathyroidism
This hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and would be most likely to be stimulated by one of the following serum lab values: Na - 134, Calcium -- 10.5, or Magnesium -- 1.9 mg/dl
Answer: Calcitonin
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid and responds to slow down calcium release in the bloodstream. Serum calcium level of 10.5 is near the highest end of normal.
Normal Calcium level is 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dl (4.3 to 5.3 mEq/L or 2.2 to 2.7 mmol/L).
The normal range for blood magnesium level is 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL (0.85 to 1.10 mmol/L)
The Na level is low -- but would not stimulate the release of a hormone from the thyroid.
This condition is an example of the Worst Case Scenario for a patient with an inadequate thyroid gland.
What is myexedema coma?
Following a thyroidectomy, this possible complication is the rationale for monitoring calcium levels.
What is surgical misadventure or damage to the parathyroid glands? (PT are located in close proximity to the thyroid that can occur during a thyroidectomy).
A patient with this diagnosis is at an increased risk for seizures due to fluid shifting into brain cells.
What is SIADH?
(risk of increased ICP due to dilutional hyponatremia leading to fluid shifting into the intracellular space)
A female patient with this endocrine disorder would complain of feeling cold, tired, and experiencing changes to their menstrual cycle.
What is Hashimoto's disease or hypothyroidism?
Nursing caring for a patient after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy should watch for these possible complications (total of 5). Name at least 3.
What are:
1. CSF leakage (Clear nasal drainage? - Check for glucose >30mgdL = CSF)
2. Headache
3. Infection – abscess, meningitis
4. Bleeding
5. Nasal septal perforation