Cellular Regulation
End-of-Life Care & Clinical Judgment
Gas Exchange
Perfusion
Cardiovascular &
Coagulation Integrity
100
all functions carried out within the cells to maintain homeostasis, including their responses to extracellular signals (hormone, neurotransmitters) and the way each cell produces an intracellular response
What is cellular regulation
100
Relief or management of symptoms without providing a cure. To reduce the severity of an actual or potential life-threatening condition or a chronic debilitating disease. Used to be mostly associated with cancer, but now has expanded to other chronic diseases. Promotes earlier integration. Prevent or treat psychological, social, and spiritual problems related to the disease or treatment. Promotes quality, rather than length of life.
What is palliative care?
100
process by which O2 is transported to cells, CO2 is transported from cells
What is gas exchange?
100
ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to a stimulus to produce systole
What is contractility?
100
chest pain that is predictable and controllable.
What is stable angina?
200
acquisition of a specific cell function; normal process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell
What is differentiation
200
an interpretation or conclusion about a patient’s needs, concerns, or health problems, and/or the decision to take action (or not), use or modify standard approaches, or improvise new ones as deemed appropriate by the patient’s response
What is clinical judgment?
200
Neurologic, respiratory, and cardiovascular
What are the three main body systems involved in gas exchange?
200
o Multiple ectopic foci in atria o Atrial rate greater than 400 o Course or fine fibrillatory waves o QRS rough, uneven; ventricular response 100-180 o Irregularly irregular o No P waves as SA node is not dominant pacemaker
What is atrial fibrillation?
200
also referred to as arteriosclerotic heart disease, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular heart disease, ischemic heart disease
What is coronary artery disease?
300
systemic treatment of cancer. Prevent cells from multiplying, invading, and metastasizing. Enables drugs to reach site of tumor as well as distant sites. Based upon cell cycle. Classified according to the specific phase of the cell cycles in which they exert their cytotoxic effects
What is chemotherapy
300
Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting
What is Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgment?
300
refers to availability and ability of hemoglobin to carry O2 from alveoli to cells for metabolism and to carry CO2 produced by cellular metabolism from cells to alveoli to be eliminated
What is transport?
300
o Multiple ectopic foci in ventricles: LIFE THREATENING! o Chaotic, course, wavy baseline. o Due to multiple foci, there is no effective contraction of ventricles  No CO, no pulse!
What is ventricular fibrillation?
300
damage to brain due to clogged artery
What is an ischemic stroke?
400
reduce risk by regular physical activity, eating well, avoid smoking and sun exposure
What is primary cancer prevention
400
Emphasizes relief of discomfort. Physical, social, and emotional needs are first priority, even if high dose pain medication may hasten death. Not just symptom management, but also promotion of comfort. Primarily delivered by nursing to include repositioning, oral and skin care, etc. in addition to medical cares
What is comfort care?
400
pH 7.28, PaCo2 58, HCO3 25
What is respiratory acidosis?
400
Systemic response to infection – systemic inflammatory response. Results in endothelial damage, organ dysfunction due to hypoperfusion
What is septic shock?
400
active internal bleeding, active inflammatory bowel disease, active peptic ulcer disease, active pericarditis, 6 month history of GI or GU bleeding, history of hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding disorders, pregnancy, recent surgery or trauma less than 2 months ago, suspected aortic dissection, uncontrolled HTN
What are contraindications for fibrinolytics?
500
Cell has abnormal function, growth, and dissemination. Excessive proliferation, poor differentiation, longer cell lifespan
What is a malignant neoplasm?
500
Hospice care was initially based upon these. Need to consider type of disease in order to provide the best palliative care. Typically not returning to baseline after multiple exacerbations.
What are disease trajectories?
500
placed in pleural space to remove air or blood to re-expand lung
What is a chest tube?
500
exaggerated, widespread antibody response following previous exposure to antigen
What is anaphylactic shock?
500
weakness/paralysis on one side, loss of balance, blurred or double vision, dizziness, slurred speech, inability to concentrate, memory deficits, incontinence, fatigue, HA
What are signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke?
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