Allowed scientists to determine the complete sequencing of nucleotide base pairs that comprise human DNA and mapping of all the genes in the human body.
What is the Human Genome Project?
100
Companies can only legally sell patient data if the information is strictly utilized in this format.
What is anonymous data?
100
"One size fits all." Without looking at certain genes, doctors prescribe the same treatment to every patient. May work some of the time, but not all of the time.
What is the current standard of care?
100
During infection, they are what pathogens act as.
What are antigens?
100
This famous actress underwent surgery after she tested positive for having the same genetic marker for breast cancer that her mother had.
Who is Angelina Jolie?
200
That an individual's gene sequence could be mapped to a particular disease.
What is the key finding of the Human Genome Project?
200
This Act from 2008 limits employers and health insurers from using genetic information or family history.
What is Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)?
200
Approach that highlights the ways in which an individual's disease risks are unique and different.
What is Precision Medicine?
200
They are used by the immune system to protect the body from invaders.
What are antibodies?
200
He proposed a $215 million investment for the National Institute of Health for Precision Medicine.
Who is President Obama?
300
A decreased time to scan genes and a lower cost to sequence genes.
What are economic advancements due to the Human Genome Project?
300
These methods allow someone to de-anonymize personal data, linking specific physical traits and cross referencing them to available demographic data to pinpoint the donor.
What are lab techniques that can uncover genetic markers?
300
Care is more personalized and may find a better way to cure a disease based on genes. Example: instead of surgery, might take a certain type of medication.
What is the benefit of Precision Medicine over standard care?
300
The amount of antigens recognized by each antibody.
What is one?
300
The Obama administration joined together with this organization to create a research group of 100 million people for Precision Medicine.
What is the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?
400
The amount of disease genes that have been discovered by scientists utilizing Human Genome techniques.
What are more than 1800?
400
This Act from 1996 allows medical companies to share and sell patient data if the information has been made anonymous.
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
400
Indicators of a particular disease. Through the use of these, doctors can see if the disease is present.
What are biomarkers?
400
Number one reason why Precision Medicine is the future of medicine.
What is specificity?
400
The first time a genome was sequenced it cost $100 million, but the current cost is this.
What is less than $2000?
500
More than 2000 genetic tests for human conditions and 350 biotechnology based products.
What is currently in clinical trial?
500
This company has sold access to its database to at least 13 pharmaceutical firms.
What is 23andMe?
500
Precision Medicine takes this into account when diagnosing someone, such as genetics, biomarker profiles, environmental and lifestyle factors.
What are individual characteristics?
500
An example of an immunoassay that is used to identify diseases by detecting the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample.
What is Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)?
500
For every dollar that was spent to map human genome, this amount has already been returned to the economy.