Software Engineering
Methodology which sounds like it should be on X-games
Extreme Programming
Notation used to indicate time or space requirements of algorithms
Big O Notation
The acronym GPU stands for this
Graphics Processing Unit
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Hello World!")
Python
Programming language is this if it is theoretically capable of expressing all tasks accomplishable by computers
Turing Complete
Principle that two sets of eyes are better than one
Pair programming
Strategy whereby previously computed inputs are stored in a lookup table for reuse
Dynamic Programming
Type of code that virtual machines such as the Java Virtual Machine run on
Bytecode
Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson wrote it at Bell Labs in 1972
C
Type of machine which can be in exactly one state at any given time
FSA/FSM
Detecting duplicate or very similar portions of code which could be abstracted into reusable, more general components
Clone Detection
Original time complexity of dijktra's algorithm to find the shortest path in a graph
O(V2)
Core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system
Kernel
factorial 0 = 1
factorial n = n * factorial (n - 1)
Haskell
Universal model of computation where currying is used to achieve multivariate functions
Lambda calculus
Testing components by comparing actual outputs to expected outputs, without worrying about the source code
Black Box Testing
Problem which asks whether all problems which are quickly verifiable are quickly solveable
P vs NP
Most popular family of instruction set architectures
x86
+[-[<<[+[--->]-[<<<]]]>>>-]>-.---.>..>.<<<<-.<+.>>>>>.>.<<.<-.
Brainfuck
Law which can be informally summarized as "the not of the ors is equivalent to the and of the nots"
De Morgan's Law
Sometimes facetiously referred to as the "Hollywood Principle: Don't call us, we'll call you".
Inversion of Control
Type of directed graph where following the path from node to node will never allow you to revisit the same node twice
Directed Acyclic Graph
Type of unit which performs operations on integer binary numbers
Arithmetic Logic Unit
PROGRAM helloworld
PRINT *, "Hello world!"
END PROGRAM helloworld
FORTRAN
Consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules
Formal Grammar