Immigration
What are Push Factors?
war, famine, or persecution of religious and political minorities in their home country
Who was Jacob Riis?
Jacob Riis was on a mission to bring attention to the horrors in tenements. In his book How the Other Half Lives, Riis shows pictures of the living conditions of newly arrived immigrants.
Why was child labor such an issue during this time period?
First, even with both parents employed, a typical family could barely survive financially, and a child’s wages, though meager, made a crucial difference.
Second, because children earned less than adults, factory owners were happy to employ them and exploit cheaper labor.
What is a monopoly?
When one company completely controls an industry
This Amendment outlawed the sale and manufacture of alcohol
18th Amendment
What are Pull Factors?
New opportunities such as a new job that pull immigrants to the United States
What is a tenement?
tenements were cramped, poorly lit, not properly ventilated apartments that lacked indoor plumbing. Rats and roaches were a common site. Disease was rampant due to the unsanitary conditions
Why did Labor Unions form during this period?
Exploitation and unsafe working conditions drew workers together across regions in a nationwide labor movement. Laborers skilled and unskilled, female and male, black and white joined together in unions to try to improve their lives.
What is Vertical Integration?
This approach involved taking control of each step in the production and distribution of a product, from acquiring raw materials to manufacturing, packaging, and shipping.
This Amendment gave women the right to vote
19th Amendment
What was Ellis Island
The immigrant processing center in New York City.
What is a settlement house?
Settlement Houses were usually in the poorest neighborhoods. They served as community centers that helped immigrant families adjust to life in the U.S.
What is Capitalism?
an economic system in which, factories, equipment, and other means of production are privately owned, instead of being controlled by the government.
What is Horizontal Integration?
an approach which called for joining together as many firms from the same industry as possible.
This Amendment created a federal income tax
16th Amendment
What was Angel Island?
The immigrant processing center in California where immigrants faced harsh questioning
What is a political machine?
Political machines controlled the government in most major cities. They consisted of organized groups of dishonest politicians. Immigrants helped keep bosses in power in exchange for jobs and community improvement.
What were three new uses for steel?
Bridges, railroads, skyscrapers
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed in 1890, it outlawed trusts, monopolies, and other forms of business that restricted trade. Few attempts were made to enforce the law.
This Amendment created a direct election of U.S. Senators
17th Amendment
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers, skilled or unskilled, for a decade. It also prevented the Chinese immigrants already in the country from becoming citizens
What is Nativism?
is the overt favoritism toward native-born Americans. Nativism gave rise to anti-immigrant groups and led to a demand for immigration restrictions.
What are the means of production?
Land, Labor, Capital
What is Social Darwinism?
social darwinism held that the best-run businesses led by the most capable people would survive and prosper. This doctrine’s most avid supporter, Herbert Spencer, coined the phrase “Survival of the fittest”. Social Darwinists argued that government should leave businesses alone to succeed or fail on their own.
Daily Double!
Question 1: This was created as a result of the outlawing of child labor
Question 2: This organization was created in response to "The Jungle"
Question 1: Compulsory Education
Question 2: The Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA)