Muckrakers & Reformers
What were journalists who exposed social and political problems called?
Muckrakers
What were small, crowded city apartment buildings called?
Tenements
Why did many children work instead of attending school?
Their wages helped support their families
What reform allowed voters to choose their party’s candidates?
Direct primary
What does suffrage mean?
The right to vote
Who wrote The Jungle to expose unsanitary meatpacking conditions?
Upton Sinclair
Name one health or safety problem in crowded urban neighborhoods.
Poor sewage, disease, fire hazards, or overcrowding
What industry did The Jungle describe as unsanitary?
Meatpacking
What reform lets citizens propose laws?
Initiative
Who advocated vocational and economic advancement for African Americans?
Booker T. Washington
Who used photographs to reveal overcrowded tenement conditions?
Jacob Riis
Why did immigrants often settle in ethnic neighborhoods?
To preserve customs, find community, and because discrimination limited housing choices
What organization pushed for restrictions on child labor beginning in 1904?
National Child Labor Committee
What reform allows voters to approve or reject a law?
Referendum
Who emphasized political rights and helped organize the NAACP?
W. E. B. Du Bois
What settlement house did Jane Addams help establish?
Hull House
What did New York’s 1901 Tenement House Act require in new tenements?
A central courtyard and a bathroom in each apartment
What protection provided benefits to employees injured on the job?
Workers’ compensation
What reform allows voters to remove an official before the end of a term?
Recall
Who campaigned against lynching?
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
How did muckrakers help bring about Progressive reforms?
They exposed abuses and informed the public, building pressure for reform.
Why did crowded neighborhoods like the Lower East Side struggle with public health?
Overcrowding and inadequate sewage, sanitation, and other infrastructure made disease spread easier.
How did child labor restrictions affect school attendance?
More children could attend school instead of working long hours.
Name two election reforms intended to weaken political corruption.
Any two: secret ballot, direct primary, initiative, referendum, recall
What was a major goal of the NAACP during the Progressive Era?
Fight segregation and secure equal rights through legal and political action