CLE- civil rights
Great Migration
Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s.
Feminists
be so fr. no way we need to have this defined.
Women who aspire to reach equality with men without being restricted by men. Charlotte Perkins Gilman published Women and Economics which argues the idea that women are suited for more than just domestic work and should have independence in all facets of life, especially economics (she advocated for the creation of communal kitchens).
Muckrakers
Progressive journalists who focused on exposing corruption within industrial, economic, social, and political sectors of America.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
140 people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. The reason for this was because of poor fire codes. The fire was on the 8th floor, and spread to the 9th and 10th floor, which was out of reach for the fire engines. One of the exits on the 9th floor was also locked to prevent workers from stealing fabrics.
New York City established a Bureau of Fire Protection, required safety devices in buildings, prohibited smoking in factories, spearheaded legislative efforts to improve working conditions in general, protect women workers, and abolish child labor.
Trusts & Trust-Busting
Quarterly Journal
American Indians also were seeking reform during this time period, however American Indian muckrakers couldn’t get their plight to be noticed by newspapers, so they resorted to papers such as the “Quarterly Journal” which was published by American Indians.
National American Woman Suffrage Association
After Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s National Woman Suffrage Association failed alongside Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe’s American Woman Suffrage Association, they combined forces in 1890 to form the NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association). This new group was so effective, that by 1918, women could vote in 15 states and in the territory of Alaska.
Jane Addams/Hull House
Center for reform: Hull House inspired a generation of women to work with immigrants, impoverished communities, and the less fortunate. These women were college- educated and professionally trained, and provided recreational activities, social activities, and educational opportunities via Hull Houses. Essentially, they were social welfare before social welfare really existed. Addams toted the idea of civic housekeeping, which was that women used their skills to create domestic peace and improve their community (via child care, housekeeping, cooking, etc.).
The Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act
Prohibited the sale of adulterated and deceitfully labeled food and drugs. The push for this law came from consumer groups, medical professionals, and government scientists such as Dr. Harvey Wiley.
Regulatory standards passed by Congress in the early twentieth century, raising meatpacking standards to larger federal requirements. The act inadvertently hurt smaller businesses that could not afford new equipment to meet the new standards.
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s plan to provide economic and political stability to the nation by guaranteeing the rights of everyday workers and protecting business interests.
Segregation
get a life yk what this means.
National Woman’s Party
NAWSA but more aggressive;
A political organization created in 1916 that was led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns. This party used more aggressive tactics than the National American Woman Suffrage Association such as picketing the White House, promoting hunger strikes, and engaging in mass protests in their campaign for women’s suffrage. They led an unsuccessful push for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment of 1923.
WCTU
Women's Christians Temperance Movement:
established to advance the idea of prohibition
Workmen’s Compensation Act
Provided insurance for federal employees in case of injury; created to appeal to Roosevelt's New Nationalism constituents.
Underwood Act
1913 act reducing import duties. The Underwood Act appealed to farmers and southerners who sought lower prices on manufactured goods.
Plessy v Ferguson
separate but equal legalized
National Women’s Trade Union League
This was a tough one!
Established to help give women jobs; wanted an 8 hour workday, higher wages, and improved working conditions. Used the idea that women were physically weaker than men to gain more leverage/accommodations within the workplace.
ASL
Anti Saloon League:
become the dominant force in prohibition movements. Founded out of evangelical Protestantism, the group held a powerful sway in Southern states who also supported Protestantism.
Keating-Owen Act
Outlawed child labor in firms that engaged in interstate commerce; created to appeal to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism constituents.
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 act that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by banning certain corporate operations, such as price discrimination and overlapping membership on company boards, and by protecting labor unions. The act was designed to encourage economic competition and also exempted labor unions from prosecution under antitrust legislation, reversing the policy initiated by the federal government in the wake of the Pullman strike
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
The strategy of the NAACP was to initiate court cases which would remove discriminatory practices. An example of this is their first success in 1915, where the NAACP used the courts to strike down the Grandfather Clause (if gramps can vote, so can you - allowed poor illiterate whites to vote, but no African Americans).
19th Amendment
lol did u think it was gonna be hard bc it was the big 500
An amendment which allowed women to vote. Ratified in 1920.
18th Amendment
no mowre dwinking :(
prohibition!
this doesnt fit w the category but I ran out of space:
Hetch Hetchy Valley
Controversial:
Site of controversial dam built to supply San Francisco with water and power in the aftermath of the 1906 earthquake. The dam was built over the objections of preservationists such as John Muir. Pinchot supported the dam, and eventually won, but Muir gained a large following for his cause of preservationism as a result of the 7-year debate over whether or not to use Yosemite land for a dam.
Federal Reserve System
established twelve regional banks, each of which lent cash reserves to member banks in their districts at a “rediscount rate,” which could be adjusted according to the fluctuating demand for credit. Federal Reserve notes became the foundation for a uniform currency. As with other progressive agencies, the experts selected to oversee the new banking system came from within the banking industry itself. Although farmers won a more rational and flexible credit supply, Wall Street bankers retained considerable power over the operation of the Federal Reserve System.