Topic 8
Transcription regulators recognize these specific sequences of DNA near the promoter
What is cis regulatory sequence?
Covalent modifications made at their 3’ ends and assembly occurs with Piwi proteins
What is piRNA?
They are activated by extracellular signals to cleave specific phospholipid molecules
What is a phospholipase ?
ATP driven pumps that phosphorylate themselves during the pumping cycle
What are P-Type pumps?
Chaperon protein that pulls post translational protein into ER through the translocator
What is BiP?
What are flippases?
A common motif that is structurally composed with 2 a-helicies at a fixed angle with a "turn"
What is a Helix-Turn-Helix
These transcriptional regulators exert high level gene expression control by coordinating downstream regulation for thousands of genes
What are master transcriptional regulators
Cone-shaped amphiphilic molecules form which shape when placed in a aqueous environment
What are micelles
The electrochemical gradient is formed from a combination of which 2 factors
What is the concentration gradient and the membrane potential
The transfer of soluble proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, occurs in this way
What is vesicular transport?
Complex that properly folds beta-barrel proteins in the outer membrane of mitochondria
What is SAM complex?
What is the most important point of gene expression control?
What is transcriptional regulation?
Methylation of an insulator allows expression of which kind of gene
What is the paternal gene
How is fluidity precisely regulated in the plasma membrane
what is by adjusting the composition and temperature of the membrane
what is the P-type pump responsible for reestablishing equilibrium after an action potential.
What is the the Na/K pump
This unfolded protein response sensor is responsible for reducing the number of proteins entering the ER.
This mitochondrial complex is responsible for the transport of all proteins across the outer membrane into the intermembrane space.
What is the TOM complex
A structural motif that has an alteration in conformation via dimerization allowing it to grip DNA "like a clothespin".
What is a leucine zipper?
Process in which different combinations of transcription regulators contribute to the control of many genes and development of varying cell types.
What is combinatorial control?
A small amphiphilic molecule that disrupts the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions in a cell, effectively solubizing the membrane and causing cell lysis.
What is a detergent?
Ion channels of fast chemical synapses that mediate simple excitatory or inhibitory signaling.
What are ionotropic receptors?
Activation of this pathway results in upregulation of genes to increase the protein folding capacity of the ER and protein degradation apparatuses.
What is the unfolded protein response?
Proteins that form a protein translocator that aids in the import of proteins to the peroxisome.
What are peroxins?
The process in which cells alter patterns of gene expression in response to extracellular cues.
What is dynamic adaptability?
Post-replication modification enzyme that adds CH3 to cytosine across from a previously methylated 5' CG 3' sequence.
What is maintenance methyltransferase?
Increasing the concentration of this molecule in a cell membrane effectively decreases membrane fluidity.
What is cholesterol?
Impulse generated from rapid change in membrane potential due to opening and closing of appropriate voltage-gated channels.
What is an action potential?
ER resident proteins that act as chaperones for unfolded glycoproteins prior to N-linked glycosylation.
What are calnexin and calreticulin?
Nucleus-associated exchange factor that promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP during nuclear import.
What is Ran-GEF?