Bacteria
Are bacteria considered prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
What is a pathogen?
A disease causing agent
What are the 3 virus shapes?
Helical, Enveloped, & Polyhedral
Nucleic Acid transmits to genetic material. What are the two examples of genetic material?
DNA & RNA
In the lytic cycle, what is the term using when the cell ruptures?
Lyses
What infects bacteria?
Bacteriophages
What is the name of the pathogen that affects plants?
Viroids
What is an example of a helical virus?
Rabies
HIV is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?
H. Bio: What is the enzyme used to transcript the genetic material?
A retrovirus transcripts DNA from RNA
Reverse Transcriptase
What cycle is the disease dormant in?
Lysogenic Cycle
Chemicals that kill bacteria or slow their growth are called
Antibiotics
What is the smallest pathogen?
Prion
What part of a virus determines which host the virus infects?
Surface proteins
What is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from a cell's main chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently
A plasmid
When HIV causes a lysogenic infection, it can remain dormant for years. When it becomes a lytic infection, it
Destroys white blood cells
How does antibiotic resistance occur?
Misuse, overuse, and underuse of antibiotics. Strong bacteria survive antibiotics and their genetic material are passed on through conjugation. Building a colony of antibiotic resistant bacteria cells.
What is Mad-Cow-Disease?
Prion Disease
What genetic material do viruses have?
DNA or RNA
What genetic material do prions have? What genetic material do viroids have?
Prions do not have genetic material, they are proteins. Viroids are single, stranded RNA
What step occurs in both the lytic and lysogenic cycle?
The bacteriophage attaches to the cell and injects its genetic material
Botulism is a serious illness caused by an organism
Prions are infectious particles that cause other proteins to
Misfold
What is a vaccine? What is an example of a viral disease that has a vaccine? Why does that vaccine not provide 100% immunity?
Vaccine - introduces pieces of weak virus to prepare the immune system for future invasion
Influenza
Mutation ability
Bacteria can acquire genes for resistance to an antibiotic through
Plasmid (genetical material) exchange
In the lysogenic cycle, the genetic material, which becomes integrated into the host cell's DNA to form a...
Prophage