Intro to Prokaryotes
Microbioiolgy is the study of what?
The study of microscopic organisms prokaryotes, viruses, and eukaryotes like protists and fungi.
Almost all prokaryotes have a ___ ___ outside the plasma membrane.
Cell Wall
What thing refers to the way organisms obtain either energy and carbon?
Nutrition
What breaks down dead organisms and recycles nutrients?
Decomposers
What is found everywhere that covers nearly every surface on earth.
Prokaryotes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek is considered what and why?
''The father of microbiology'' because he was the first to identify and describe unicellular organisms in the 1600's.
What is a colony?
A visible mass of microorganisms that originates from one cell and are clones of one another.
Energy is obtained through what?
Sunlight and Chemicals
What uses bacteria in combination with fungi in processes such as brewing baking and cheese & butter manufacturing?
Biotechonlogy
Most prokaryotes have a supportive cell wall which varies in WHAT?
Thickness
What are three characteristics of prokaryotes?
1) single celled organisms
2) no nucleus or other membrane bound organisms
3) the cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells
What are the 3 basic shapes of prokaryotic cells and what do they look like?
Cocci- spherical
Bacilli- rod shaped
Spirilla- spiral
In conjugation a _____ is used to form a bridge between two cells.
phius
Using transformed bacterial cells in the production of insulin and other pharmaceuticals in an example of?
Genetic engineering
Some prokaryotes cause __________ but others are harmless or even helpful.
Disease
Some DNA apart from the main chromosomes is in separate rings called what?
Plasmids
What do the prefix strep and staph stand for?
strep is a chain of cells
staph is a cluster of cells
Aeorbic bacteria require what for metabolism.
oxygen also known as obligate arrows
What is a waste management technique that uses bacteria and other organisms?
Bioremediation
What serves various functions including movement?
Pili
Humans have roughly the _______ number of bacterial cells as human cells in there bodies?
Same
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Bacterial cell walls are composed of _____________ a polymer of _____ linked by short _____________.
peptidoglycan
sugars
ploypeptides
What is the form of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotes?
Binary fission
The ___________ relationship between humans and E. coli receiving food from the intestine and humans receiving vitamin K and B vitamin from E. coli.
Symbiosis
What are 4 ways that genetic variation can occur in prokaryotes?
Mutation, transformation, conjugation, and transduction.