Trial Courts
What is the primary function of trial courts?
To hear cases and make determinations based on evidence presented.
What is the primary purpose of an appeals court?
To review decisions made by lower courts for errors.
What is the highest court in the state court system?
The state supreme court.
How many justices sit on the Supreme Court?
Nine justices.
In what court do most criminal cases begin?
In trial courts, specifically criminal trial courts.
How many judges typically hear a case in an appeals court?
Usually three judges.
What distinguishes federal courts from state courts?
Federal courts handle cases involving federal law or constitutional issues.
What is the significance of the Supreme Court's power of judicial review?
It allows the Court to invalidate laws and actions that are unconstitutional.
What are the two main types of trial courts?
Criminal courts and civil courts.
What is a brief in the context of appeals courts?
A written argument submitted by each party outlining their case.
What is jurisdiction?
The authority of a court to hear a case.
What is the term for the written opinion of the Supreme Court?
An opinion or ruling.
What is the role of a judge in a trial court?
To oversee the trial process and ensure the law is followed.
Can new evidence be presented in appeals courts?
No, appeals courts only review the record from the trial court.
What types of cases are typically heard in federal courts?
Cases involving federal law, diversity jurisdiction, or constitutional matters.
How does a case reach the Supreme Court?
Through a writ of certiorari, or if it involves significant federal questions.
Name a key difference between civil and criminal trial courts.
Civil courts deal with disputes between individuals, while criminal courts deal with offenses against the state.
What is the term for a decision made by an appeals court that establishes a legal precedent?
A ruling or opinion.
How are judges in federal courts appointed?
They are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
Name a landmark case decided by the Supreme Court.
Brown v. Board of Education or Roe v. Wade.