International Community 1
International Community 2
NGOs
Australian Law 1
Australian Law 2
100
The ultimate law-making power of a state over its territory and population, including independence and freedom from external interference.
What is state sovereignty?
100
This body has jurisdiction under the UN Charter to settle international disputes submitted to it by member states, and produce advisory opinions when requested on matters of international law. Its cases will only rarely relate to issues of human rights.
What is the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?
100
The ICRC works closely with this organisation, which includes 186 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that lead and organise relief assistance missions in response to large-scale emergencies.
What is the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)?
100
The process of a country formally approving a treaty, making it legally binding.
What is ratification?
100
Rights that are expressly included in a document.
What are express rights?
200
This body consists of representatives from all member states with equal voting power, this is the main forum for international discussions, deliberations, declarations and recommendations, many relating to issues of human rights.
What is the United Nations General Assembly?
200
This body is an administrative agency under the UN Secretariat that works to promote and protect the human rights contained in the UDHR and international law.
What is the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)?
200
A body of international law developed from the Geneva and Hague conventions that deals with conduct of states and individuals during armed conflict; also known as the law of armed conflict.
What is international humanitarian law?
200
A legal system that deems treaties enforceable in domestic law as soon as they have been signed.
What is a monist system?
200
Rights that can be implied through the text, structure or purpose of a document.
What are implied rights?
300
The UN's principle human rights body. This body reports directly to the General Assembly.
What is the Human Rights Council (UNHRC)?
300
This body is a relatively new inter-governmental body under the UN General Assembly that contains representatives of member states – its 47 member seats are rotated on three-year terms. It aims to address human rights violations worldwide and make recommendations, and works closely with the OHCHR to perform its duties.
What is the Human Rights Council?
300
This organisation releases an annual index of media freedom of all states.
What is the Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF) (Reporters Without Borders)?
300
A legal system that does not deem treaties enforceable domestically but requires incorporation into domestic law, usually by passing similar legislation.
What is a dualist system?
300
This body deals mainly with alleged violations of Australia’s anti-discrimination legislation.
What is the Australian Human Rights Commission?
400
This is the UN organ charged with maintenance of inter- national peace and security. It exercises its power through legally binding resolutions, and can authorise military actions, sanctions or peacekeeping operations.
What is the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
400
This is an international institution comprised of various member states. They are created by agreement between states, by an international treaty that acts as a charter outlining the organisation’s purpose and operation. They are usually permanent, meet regularly and have international legal personality and so can enter into enforceable agreements and are subject to international law.
What is an intergovernmental organisation (IGO)?
400
This plays a crucial role in the ‘naming and shaming’ of governments and human rights violators by exposing instances of human rights abuse and helping to bring about change.
What is the media?
400
This court has the power to set binding precedents on other courts or to overturn state or Commonwealth legislation related to human rights.
What is the High Court of Australia?
400
The presumption of innocence and the burden of proof, and the right to a fair trial are protected by which type of law in Australia?
What is common law?
500
This organ has 54 rotating members meeting annually to assist in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It includes various committees and acts as the central forum for discussion of economic, social, environmental and humanitarian issues.
What is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)?
500
This body hears matters of the most serious international crimes, including genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, although these acts would also constitute serious human rights abuse. It also has jurisdiction to hear crimes of aggression (illegal war) but the international community is still in the process of agreeing on a definition for this.
What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
500
Is one of the most important international NGOs and is permitted observer status at the UN General Assembly. Its missions are strictly concerned with international humanitarian law, to protect the life and dignity of the victims of international and internal armed conflicts, although this work often overlaps with human rights abuses.
What is The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
500
Rights laid out in this type of law are not fixed, but can be removed by a later act of parliament if a government chooses to do so.
What is statute law?
500
Powers not listed in the Constitution for the Commonwealth to legislate on that are deemed to remain the power of states.
What are residual powers?
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