Bonds & Things
Water!
Organic Compounds
All Things Thermodynamic :)
Enzymes
100
bonds in which the electrons are shared
What are covalent bonds?
100
this atom is slightly negative
What is oxygen?
100
creating polymers from monomers through this process
What is dehydration reaction?
100
sum total of an organism's chemical reactions
What is metabolism?
100
reactants are also known as
What is substrate?
200
a weak bond that form between the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and the strongly electronegative oxygen (or nitrogen) of another molecule
What is hydrogen bond?
200
surface tension is due to this property of water
What is cohesion?
200
2 examples of polysaccharides that store energy AND 2 examples of polysaccharides that provide structural support
What are starch and glycogen? What are cellulose and chitin?
200
building complicated molecules from simpler ones...give an example as well
What is anabolic? Example: buliding muscle protein, making glucose (in photosynthesis)
200
amount of something needed to start a reaction, to break the bonds
What is activation energy?
300
bond in which one atom has greater electronegativity
What is polar covalent bond?
300
plants uptake water due to this characteristic of water
What is adhesion (and cohesion)?
300
addition of water to split large molecules
What is hydrolysis?
300
energy cannot be destroyed, but it can be transferred and transformed
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
300
chemically very similar to the substrate and reduces efficiency of the enzyme by competing for the active site
What is competitive inhibitors?
400
2 glucose molecules bind @ carbon 1 and carbon 4. This is called a....
What is 1,4-glycosidic linkage?
400
the 4 emergent properties of water that make it unique are:
What is: 1) structure of atoms/bonds (hydrogen bond, negative oxygen, positive hydrogen, polar, leads to cohesion, adhesion) 2) high specific heat of water moderates temperatures 3) density of solid ice is lower than liquid so it floats...insulating bodies of water 4) acts as a universal solvent
400
3 characteristics of saturated fatty acids
What is: -no double bond between carbons -pack solidly at room temperature -linked to cardiovascular disease like atherosclerosis -produced by animals (usually) -examples: butter and lard
400
Delta G is negative, <0. It's spontaneous! Releases free energy. Favorable.
What is exergonic reaction?
400
when the shape of the enzyme changes because a regulator binds to another part of it (not active site)...and either stimulate or inhibit enzyme activity
What is allosteric site/allosteric enzyme/allosteric molecule/allosteric regulator?
500
the bond between two amino acids are called...
What is peptide bond?
500
a weak acid and a weak base that minimizes changes in pH by accepting H+ when in excess and donating H+ when depleted (in solution)
What is a buffer?
500
level of protein structure in which only hydrogen bonds affects its alpha or beta shape...
What is secondary structure?
500
ATP -> ADP + Pi The type of process to perform this exergonic reaction...
What is hydrolysis?
500
breaks down amylopectin and other starches
What is amylase?
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