Layers & Structures of the Skin
This outermost protein helps protect our skin, hair, and nails.
keratin
This system works with the skin to regulate body temperature.
circulatory system
These tiny lymphatic structures absorb interstitial fluid.
lymphatic capillaries
This immediate immune response causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain at the site of injury.
inflammation
A baby receives antibodies through breast milk. This is an example of this type of immunity.
naturally acquired passive immunity
B cells mature in this location.
red bone marrow
The swollen “glands” you feel in your neck during illness are actually these.
lymph nodes
This skin receptor is responsible for detecting pain.
free nerve ending
Sebaceous glands are not found here.
the palms or soles of the feet
This structure is where T cells mature.
thymus
This type of immunity includes inflammation and natural killer cells.
innate immunity
This type of immunity is triggered by vaccines.
artificially acquired active immunity
This term describes cells that remember a pathogen for faster future responses.
memory cells
This type of immune response is triggered the first time your body encounters a pathogen.
primary immune response
This layer beneath the dermis insulates, absorbs shock, and stores energy.
hypodermis
These cells in the skin also act in the immune system by presenting antigens.
dendritic cells
This lymphatic organ recycles red blood cells and stores iron and platelets.
spleen
This is the term for anything that triggers an immune response.
antigen
When most of the population is vaccinated, this protects those who are not.
herd immunity
Once activated, B cells can become these two types of cells.
plasma cells and memory B cells
This happens when your immune system reacts to a harmless substance like pollen.
an allergic reaction
The deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are produced.
stratum basale
This gland produces sweat that may lead to body odor.
apocrine gland
These clusters of lymph nodes in the intestines monitor bacterial growth.
Peyer’s patches
This cell type engulfs pathogens and contributes to pus formation.
neutrophils
This type of T cell directly kills infected cells.
cytotoxic T cell
These three types of effector T cells help defend the body.
helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells
When antibiotics fail to treat a bacterial infection, it’s often because the bacteria have developed this.
antibiotic resistance
These projections increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis.
dermal papillae
This acidic feature of skin helps chemically protect against pathogens.
low pH secretions
This type of lymphoid organ activates lymphocytes.
secondary lymphoid organs
for example, lymph nodes and spleen
These immune cells destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells without needing prior exposure.
natural killer (NK) cells
This type of immunity involves antibodies in bodily fluids.
humoral immunity
These cells must present antigens for T cells to respond.
antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
This is why your body usually responds faster and stronger the second time you're exposed to the same pathogen.
immunological memory