Terminology
A low resistance connection to earth that can be used to help trip protective devices in event of a fault.
What is a ground?
This is what Charles Dalziel used for testing in addition to dogs, pigs, sheep, and calves to chart the effects of electrical shock.
What are humans? (inmates)
As far as location of grounds, this is the most IMPORTANT THING to remember whenever grounding a distribution line.
What is install grounds at the worksite?
The same magnetic induction hazards will exist on distribution as on transmission with this specific type of construction method.
What is stacked circuits, parallel circuits, or overbuild?
The default form of "plus one" that is created through the process of bonding elements together using personal grounding.
What is an EPZ?
Telling guys to "stay off the truck is an example of applying which type of "plus one" protection?
What is isolation?
This is what grounds are NOT, because they allow breakthrough voltage to appear at the worksite when a line comes energized.
What is a dam?
The term used in Ohio to describe required elements needed to protect above and beyond grounding (i.e., isolation, insulation, and EPZ).
What is "Plus One"?
Magnitude, path of current, and this are the three most important factors in an electrical shock.
What is shock duration?
After establishing line clearance, this is the requirement immediately prior to testing a line for absence of voltage.
What is test the tester?
The type of induction that is coupled capacitively and is present on URD elbow test points when present.
What is electric field induction?
This is the form of plus one that can be used in lieu of an EPZ in most situations on distribution lines.
What is insulation? (i.e., rubber gloves)
When a piece of equipment is connected to this, it often creates a false sense of security on the crew and a much greater hazard.
What is a driven ground or screw ground?
As of 2014, this is the industry requirement for dielectric footwear.
What is include it in the PPE hazard assessment?
The term that OSHA uses to describe the voltage rise when a grounded object comes in contact with an energy source.
What is "Energized Grounded"?
The energy source that linemen must protect against which is more sure to kill a contact victim than the default source.
What is backfeed?
When all conductors in a circuit are down, this is what's required when making the first connection.
What is the use of insulation such as rubber gloves or hot stick?
The type of induction that is coupled magnetically and surrounds energized lines that have current running through them.
What is magnetic induction?
This is the year that equipotential grounding became a regulation.
What is 1994?
One or a combination of these "plus one" elements must go along with grounding a piece of equipment. Name all three.
What is insulation, isolation, or EPZ?
Electrical contact over this threshold of voltage will create an entry and exit wound.
What is 600 volts?
This is the type of ground that is not considered as "protective" or "personal" due to the location where it is placed on the line.
What is a trip ground?
This is the only exception to "certain death" during a 2750mA electrical contact or greater.
What is the susceptible phase of the heart cycle?
This is the situation that is required to exist in order to isolate in lieu of grounding.
What is installation of grounds must be impractical, OR grounds will create a greater hazard?
A good way to mitigate circulating current when a serious magnetic coupling situation due to two protective grounds needing installed.
What is add a third ground?
An EPZ can be utilized as long as the protective ground is installed within this distance. Otherwise, insulation is required.
What is one span or 300 feet?
If a screw or driven ground must be used, this must absolutely be available on the protective device.
What is hot line tag?
Direct contact between 7200 volts and a low impedance ground source will cause this much current to flow through a human.
What is 14.4 amps?
The potential for this to occur during a fault is why OSHA requires sheath continuity when repairing URD systems.
What is Transfer of Potential?
This is the let-go threshold for an electrical shock.
What is 10.5 - 16 mA?
It must be assumed that this is going to happen to a line we are working on after we ground it.
What is the line becomes re-energized?
This is what absolutely must be done prior to cutting open a grounded line that has bracket grounding installed and is running parallel with another energized distribution or transmission line.
What is jumper across the open point?
The reason that "Plus One" is required is because a grounded line can become energized to this percentage of nominal voltage.
What is 17-24%?
This piece of equipment or any other uninsulated equipment must absolutely be grounded every time it is operated anywhere near an energized line.
What is a digger derrick or other uninsulated piece of equipment?
This is why we must install grounds at the worksite; list one of three reasons.
What is make sure our line is actually dead?
What is control our personal grounds?
What is control voltage?