Protein Basics
This is the monomer of proteins
What is an amino acid?
The number of standard amino acids in proteins
What is 20?
The protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells
What is hemoglobin?
The type of biological molecule that speeds up chemical reactions
What is an enzyme?
A complete protein contains all of these
What are essential amino acids?
The type of bond that links amino acids together in a protein
What is a peptide bond?
The two functional groups found in all amino acids
What are the amino group and the carboxyl group?
The protein that makes up hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin
What is keratin?
The name of the site where a substrate binds to an enzyme
What is the active site?
This plant-based food is a complete protein
What is quinoa?
The four levels of protein structure
What are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary?
The term for amino acids that must be obtained from the diet
What are essential amino acids?
This protein provides structural support in connective tissues like tendons and ligaments
What is collagen?
The enzyme that breaks down lactose in dairy products
What is lactase?
The recommended daily intake of protein for an average adult
What is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight?
The molecule that helps translate mRNA into proteins in the cell
What is a ribosome?
This amino acid contains sulfur and is important for disulfide bonds in proteins
What is cysteine?
The immune system proteins that help fight infections
What are antibodies?
The type of reaction that links amino acids together
What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
The process that removes proteins from milk, leaving only the liquid whey
What is cheese making?
The process by which a protein loses its structure due to heat or pH changes
What is denaturation?
The amino acid that serves as the precursor for serotonin
What is tryptophan?
The molecular motor protein that helps with muscle contraction
What is myosin?
The term for when an enzyme changes shape slightly to fit a substrate
What is induced fit?
This disorder results from severe protein deficiency in children
What is kwashiorkor?