Intro to Proteins
How many calories per gram are in protein?
4 calories/gram
What are two common symptoms of a food allergic reaction?
Hives
Swollen/itchy lips
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty breathing
What are the two main types of protein and what are examples of each?
Animal protein: Meat, fish, dairy, eggs
Plant protein: Beans, peas, nuts, grains
What are two functions of protein in food?
Texture, gluten, foams, gelling agents
What are two methods of cooking eggs?
Scrambled
Fried
Baked
Poached
Hard cooked (boiled)
What are three functions of protein?
Make, maintain and repair cells
Build structures
Produce enzymes
Transport substances
Maintain fluid balance
What is one negative side effect of a high protein diet?
Kidney problems, dehydration, nausea, fatigue
What is an example of complete proteins and one example of incomplete protein?
Complete: animal protein
Incomplete: plant protein
What are two products that contain gelling agents?
What are the three main parts of an egg?
Yolk, white, chalazae
What is the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?
Nonessential: body can make on its own
Essential: body cannot make on its own
What are three symptoms of protein deficiency?
Brittle hair & nails
Feeling weak or hungry
Muscle weakness
Mood changes
Edema (swelling)
Slow-healing injuries
What is the difference between a complete and incomplete protein?
Complete protein contains all essential amino acids. Incomplete protein does not contain all essential amino acids.
Where does gelatin come from?
Animal bones, cartilage, and skin.
What factor influences egg shell color and yolk color?
Shell color: breed of hen
Yolk color: diet of hen
How much of your daily calories should come from protein?
10-35% of calories should come from protein
What is Kwashiorkor and what are the major signs of it?
Severe protein deficiency disorder. Signs are edema, bloated stomach, dry hair, dermatitis, enlarged liver.
What are two examples of plants that are complete proteins?
Quinoa, buckwheat, soybeans
What is denaturation?
When the nature of the protein is changed. Occurs when a protein is heated, agitated, or when chemicals are added to it
What is the difference between egg yolk, egg white, and chalazae?
Egg yolk: Contains fat, cholesterol, nutrients
Egg White: No fat and cholesterol, less nutrients
Chalazae: Holds the yolk in the center
What is the recommended daily allowance for protein?
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight
What is an amino acid metabolic disorder and what are two examples?
Occurs when the body can’t break down or use an amino acid. Homocystinuria, tyrosinemia type 1, maple syrup urine disease, PKU.
What are two complementary protein combinations?
Peanut butter on whole wheat bread
Beans and rice
Hummus on whole wheat bread
Almond butter and oatmeal
Soy milk with whole grain cereal
What is coagulation?
When the structure of a protein changes when heat is applied. Changes from a liquid to a solid
What are two functions of eggs in cooking? Which part of the egg is used for each?
Emulsifying agent: egg yolk
Foams: egg white