Protein Structure
What are the different levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quatenary
What does RNA polymerase bind to to begin Transcription?
The promoter/promoter region
What type of reaction creates a peptide bond?
A condensation reaction
What is gene specialization?
The idea that not all genes are expressed/active constantly and all the time.
Why is protein folding important?
Because misfolding of protein can lead to changes in genetic code and diseases
What direction in mRNA synthesized in?
5' to 3'.
What happens after initation?
The ribosome moves onto elongation
What is gene expression regulated by?
What is the Induced Fit model?
It is a proposed model that states that enzymes are flexible and not rigid, and can change to fit substrate reactions.
What is splicing?
Introns are removed, and exons are joined.
What "site" does the tRNA enter from?
A, P, or E?
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that turn genes on/off
What modifies and regulates protein function without changing amino acid sequences?
Post Transcriptional modification factors
What are the structural functions of the poly-A tail and the 5' cap?
Poly-A tail prevents degradation
5' Cap provides stability
How does polypeptide formation (translation) get its energy?
GTP
What is DNA methylation?
The addition of a methyl group that can silence certain genes